A Narrative That Describes The Implications Of Your Self...

,lPart One: A narrative that describes the implications of your self-assessment (i.e., personality, interests, skills, and values) and career exploration (e.g., informational interviews) and how those influence your next steps in your career / life plan. You should also discuss the implications of your decision-making style, as discussed in class. Comment on how you developed the options under consideration, and how you have evaluated your preferred options. 1.) According to the tests it shows that I have a lot of charisma and I tend to have people lean towards my opinions. I am a goal oriented person because it keeps me structured during times by which it’s hard to stay on one accord. I enjoy helping others find the big picture because†¦show more content†¦I found this to be helpful because these values describe me to the fullest extent. Consequently, these test and results showed similarities because they all agreed that I have a social aspect to me that I cannot avoid. An implication with this is sometimes I am not as social as I should be. I have periods of times by which I could be deemed anti-social or an introvert. This could work against me in my career because I would have to always be turned on in order to keep people interested and focused. One thing that was different was how they said I want to be recognized, I always felt that I missed out on some recognition due to the fact that the work ethic I displayed tend not to receive much recognition. I would have to become more balanced when it comes to my limitations in order to become a better leader and enforcer for my potential careers because my limitations have the ability to become my strengths. My greatest strength is being able to relate to people is helpful within human resources because I will be talking to plenty of people. I feel that the career I want to pursue would help me improve on communicating and everything else of the like. 2. I see that my career as a job because I wouldn’t want to think about it as something in obligated to do but something I want to do. I feel that I would follow

Legalization Of Marijuana And The Hemp - 1436 Words

Over the years this question has been asked time and time again. It is more relevant to ask this question now than it has ever been. We now have two states within the United States of America were marijuana is legal for not only medical use, but for recreational use and twenty-one states where it is only legal for medical use. (Nantional Cancer Institute, 2014) What about the big picture what about the hemp plant itself? What are some of the benefits of the hemp plant? How would the legalization of the hemp/marijuana plant benefit the economy? These are just some of the questions I will hope to answer within this paper. I will hopefully find enough supporting evidence to support the legalization of Marijuana and the hemp crop itself. The†¦show more content†¦Until very recently the only research that has been conducted on the medical use of Cannabis has been for the relief of cancer patients. The primary use at this point has been for the relief of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy (Nantional Cancer Institute, 2014). Some of the other uses have been for anorexia and cachexia in HIV/AIDS, chronic, especially neuropathic pain, spasticity in multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury (Nantional Cancer Institute, 2014). The scientific data collected over the years is precisely clear that the use of medical Cannabis is needed and should be allowed everywhere in the United States. Though the research is limited mainly because it is just not available yet for the benefits from the use of medical cannabis to treat depression, pruritus, and epilepsy the results are still leaning towards a positive turnout. A lot of the scientific evidence for a specific indication does not necessarily refle ct the actual therapeutic potential for a given disease. (Nantional Cancer Institute, 2014) If the federal government would legalize Cannabis so many more studies could be conducted to hopefully one day know the full potential until then we only know a few facts. These facts have been proven time and time again through the course of vigorous studies. The use of medical Cannabis can positively be used to treat nausea,

Analysis of Visuals Communication

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Visuals Communication. Answer: In the advertising world the means to an end notion is motivated. The end is higher attention drawn and means are the advertisements. The advertisers have utilized both the stereotypes and the countertypes of gender for a very long time; this is done to draw attention, challenge stereotypes, accept stereotypes, present countertype elements etc. (Ferrel Hartline, 2010) In the given image the visual and textual elements are: An average Joe wearing womens clothing Child in his arms is held in a way that is not comfortable The text message is written in plain white with Women highlighted in pink The entire picture is grey tonnes The traditional roles of the women are reinforced; i.e. child bearing and household roles. The aim of the advertiser was to ask questions and stimulate thinking. In this particular advertisement the advertiser has highlighted the simplest biological fact that without women reproduction would be challenging. The men holding the child is not very convenient for the child himself symbolizing that the men do not have motherly skills. The motherly nature of the women is evident here, may be the advertiser wanted to empower the women but the idea that is generated here is that the world without women would be depressed. The written woman words highlighted in pink is an element that reinforces the fact that girls are pink and boys are blue (Scott, 2010) (Stocchetti Kukkonen, 2011). The aim of the advertiser was definitely to highlight that the women are essential for life. Without women there is bound to be no life and thus intended to highlight the importance of the women gender. The mothers are the ones who ensure the growth of the next generation. This advertiser is a clothing brand thus it can be said that the advertiser wanted to target women and state that they are critical for life and irreplaceable, and very important. The choice of the image do seems provocative and the intension behind was to attract customers serene attention. This technique of using provocative imaging has been used by advertisers to gain uninterrupted attention and retain it. It has been stated that use of provocative images lays a lasting impact on ones mind (Solomon, Hughes, Chitty, Marshall, Stuart, 2013) This has been the intention and though it was effective in getting the uninterrupted attention of the customers the advertisers failed to clearly send out their message becaus e they have focused on traditional roles of women and such imaging provokes culturally biased views on women. References Ferrel, O. C., Hartline, M. (2010). Marketing Strategy. Cengage Learning. Scott, D. H. (2010). Poetics of the Poster: The Rhetoric of Image-text. Liverpool University Press. Solomon, M., Hughes, A., Chitty, B., Marshall, G., Stuart, E. (2013). Marketing: Real People, Real Choices. Pearson Higher Education AU. Stocchetti, M., Kukkonen, K. (2011). Images in Use: Towards the critical analysis of visual communication. John Benjamins Publishing.

Henry Purcell\s Dido and Aneas Essays - Dido, Henry Purcell, Lament

1) As compared to singing style of the Gregorian Chant we listened to, what do you notice is the same or different in the vocal style of this singer? The Gregorian Chants we listened to involved unaccompanied, monophonic music for voices. Most Gregorian chants consist of simple recitation on a monotone with only slight deviations from that single pitch. In comparison with Gregorian Chants, the vocal style of this singer is melismatic. The singer stretches the lyrics to add to the sad mood of the Aria. The Aria is a Triple Meter while Gregorian Chants are non metrical. The singer has a Soprano voice while Gregorian chants are usually performed in groups or choirs with varying pitches and may include altos, tenors and basses. The vocal style of the singer of Dido?s lament includes the use of vibrato and trill to add to the seriousness of the mood. Gregorian chants do not include features such as vibrato and trill. 2) Focus on the bass line. This is an important aspect of this piece. It is a "ground bass" and is defined in your book. a) Why might Purcell have used this type of bass line instead of one that does not repeat? I feel that Purcell has used a ground bass line to enforce the idea of a lament. It also served to create a dramatic effect to describe Dido?s wretched situation. He did not use a bass line that does not repeat so that he could create an impression of impending doom and build the melody to an intense climax. The bass line by itself sounds apprehensive and mournful, which reflects Dido?s feelings as well. Since the Aria focuses on Dido?s feelings where she has little to say, Purcell needed time to convey this emotional message through the music and so used the repeated bass line. b) Until the last few notes of its melody, which way does the melody of the bass line go (up or down)? Why do you think Purcell chose this melodic shape? Since the melody is laid over the ground bass, it goes down for most of the Aria. Purcell included a descending bass line to add word painting to the lyric ?laid?. Purcell chose a descending melodic shape to reiterate Dido?s emotional downfall, agony and death. It helps to create an impression of Dido?s misery while building to an almost apocalyptic end. c)Are the intervals large or small for the majority of the line? Why do you think Purcell chose this type of interval usage? The intervals are small for the majority of the line. Purcell chose this type of interval usage to reflect Dido?s feelings of vulnerability and impending doom. The small intervals serve to help Dido?s lament include all that she is feeling without having to use too many words. Dido knows that she is going to die. Purcell?s use of small intervals enables us to feel Dido?s anguish. Purcell?s usage of the ground bass sends out two messages. The first is a slow descent through each iteration. Every statement of the ground bass starts at a high and ends an octave lower. This measured descent exerts a pull on Dido?s melody. The message Purcell is trying to get across is that Dido cannot escape her fate. No matter how hard she tries, Aeneas has abandoned her and will probably never come back. The second message is in the pitches of the bass line. The first segment is a harmonic free form and always ends at the same place. The harmonic destination is momentarily in doubt; Dido?s fate (in her mind) is in doubt. The next segment is predictable and conventional. Purcell uses these two segments to reinforce the sense of instability and inevitability of Dido?s fate. 3) Since this was Queen Dido?s last aria in the Opera and the situation was one of misery and doom, the Aria sounds mournful in every aspect. In Purcell?s opera, Aeneas meets, woos and then abandons Dido. To convey Dido?s grief Purcell shapes several musical elements to resonate with painful life experience: a slow tempo, labored rhythms, and the interplay between the descending bass line and a melody that fights against it. In addition he uses the structural and

Exploring the Components Found in the Ideal Classroom

Exploring the Components Found in the Ideal Classroom Perfection is often elusive, but good teachers continuously strive to obtain it. The classroom is the epicenter of teaching and learning. Throughout the school year, the four walls of a classroom encapsulate life-changing interactions between the teacher and their students. A classroom typically takes on the  personality of the teacher. Though similarities are prevalent in every classroom, no two classrooms are exactly the same. 35 Components of an Ideal Classroom Every teacher will have a slightly different version of the ideal classroom, but common elements do exist. It is in these commonalities that you often find a true representation of characteristics found in the ideal classroom. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is student-centered meaning that the teacher is the facilitator of learning built on student interests and abilities. The teacher rarely lectures or uses worksheets, but instead provides students with engaging, authentic learning opportunities.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is a display center for student made learning posters, artwork, and other exemplary work.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is well organized so that teachers and students can utilize the resources in the room quickly and efficiently.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides students with a safe zone where they feel comfortable and can temporarily escape any problems they are dealing with at home.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has structure or a specified set of procedures and expectations that everyone follows.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has a teacher who always addresses their students in a positive manner. They treat their s tudents fairly and maintain the dignity of the student when addressing discipline issues.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has an open door policy where parents and community members are encouraged to participate actively in daily activities and lessons. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..embraces technology and regularly integrates aspects of technology into lessons.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides regular authentic learning opportunities where active, hands-on learning is a standard classroom practice.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is one where teachable moments are embraced. The teacher realizes that value learning opportunities exist beyond simple rote learning and takes advantage of those opportunities.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.embraces modeling and independent practice as a critical learning tool. The teacher models new skills and then allows students to practice these newly acquired skills independently.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.allows students to work cooperatively on learning projects. Students are taught to create a plan, assign tasks, and then to bring everything together to complete the project.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has a teacher who is not afraid to experiment. They are continuously searching for ideas to boost learning and regularly tweaks previously used lessons to meet the needs of their current students. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.incorporates a variety of proven instructional strategies throughout the school year. The teacher exposes students to a wide range of strategies so that multiple learning styles are addressed on a regular basis.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is one where respect is a core value. Teachers and students understand that respect is a two-way street. Everyone is respectful of others thoughts and feelings.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is amicable. Students and teachers may disagree from time to time, but they respect each other’s opinions and listen to the other side without passing judgment.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.embraces accountability. Students are taught self-discipline and hold each other accountable when they make a mistake. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.embraces individual diversity and differences. Students are not only taught to value differences but that all individuals bring real val ue to the classroom because they are different.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is not limited to the four walls of the classroom. The same principles applied in the classroom are extended to all areas of the school as well as all school activities. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.encourages all students to participate actively in every learning activity. Each student brings value to the learning process and thus are expected to pull their weight in each and every activity.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is content driven meaning that students are minimally taught the concepts and requirements per grade level and subject area.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is data-driven. The teacher pulls data from multiple sources to paint an accurate portrait of individual student needs. The teacher then creates individualized learning opportunities to meet the specific needs of each student in their class.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides sequential learning opportunities allowing students to connect new learning experiences to prior learning experiences. It also allows students to begin to look forward to learning that is on the horizon.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.allows students to t ap into individual talents and creativity. Students are encouraged to individualize learning projects by putting their own unique or creative spin on them. The ideal classroom............is built on high expectations.   No one is allowed just to get by. The teacher and students expect maximum effort and participation in every class activity.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is one that students look forward to going to. They anticipate new learning opportunities and look forward to seeing the adventure that each day brings.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is made up of fewer than eighteen students, but more than ten students.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.teaches students more than what is required. Students are taught valuable life lessons and skills. They are encouraged to begin to establish a plan for their future.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides students with clear and concise directions in both verbal and written form. Students are given an opportunity to ask questions before, during, and after a task for clarification.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..has an ongoing, collaborativ e and engaging dialog where students share their expertise and experiences on the topic at hand. Teachers are facilitators who guide the discussion, but who ensure students are engaged throughout the discussion. The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has plenty of educational resources including up-to-date textbooks, supplemental learning tools, technology, and a comprehensive classroom library.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides every student with one-on-one instruction on a daily basis to meet individualized learning needs.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.has a teacher who makes adjustments as needed. The teacher takes the time to re-teach concepts when necessary and recognizes when individual students are struggling and provides them with extra assistance when needed.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is full of students focused on learning. They are goal oriented and refuse to be a distraction for their classmates. They love learning and realize that a good education is a means to an end.The ideal classroom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..prepares students for the future. Students not only advance to the next grade level but do so with the tools and abilities to be su ccessful.

Words and Phrases of Love in French

Words and Phrases of Love in French If French is the language of love, what better language is there with which to express your love? Here are some key French words and phrases related to love, friendship, and special occasions. Click on the link to hear the word or phrase pronounced. Love amour Love at first sight le coup de foudre friendship amiti I love you Je taime I love you too Moi aussi, je taime I adore you Je tadore Will you marry me? Veux-tu mpouser? to kiss embrasser to french kiss galocher (learn more) to date sortir avec to fall in love (with) tomber amoureux (de) (not tomber en amour) to get engaged se fiancer (or avec) to get married se marier avec engagement les fianailles marriage le mariage wedding les noces, le mariage wedding anniversary lanniversaire de mariage honeymoon la lune de miel St. Valentines Day (card) (une carte de) la Saint-Valentin present un cadeau flowers des fleurs candy des bonbons clothes des vtements perfume du parfum jewelry des bijoux engagement ring une bague de fianailles wedding ring une alliance husband un mari, un poux wife une femme, une pouse fiance un fianc, une fiance* lover un amant, une amante boyfriend un copain girlfriend une copine friend un ami, une amie* dear, sweetheart chri, chrie* * Same pronunciation for masculine and feminine version. French Terms of Endearment (Termes dAffection) French has all kinds of interesting terms of endearment, including a rather odd assortment of barnyard animals. Check out this list of French terms of endearment to use with your loved ones (both romantic and familial). For the most part, these all mean something along the lines of sweetie, darling, or poppet, so weve provided the literal translations as well as a few notes (in parentheses). My love mon amour My angel mon ange My baby mon bb My beautiful (informal) ma belle My dear mon cher, ma chre My dearie mon chri, ma chrie My cutie mon mignon My Half ma moiti My little guy / girl mon petit / ma petite My doll ma poupe My heart mon cur My little girl (informal, old-fashioned) ma fifille My big guy / girl mon grand / ma grande My Jesus (when talking to a child) mon jsus My treasure mon trsor My (fruit) core (when talking to a child) mon trognon Ma  mie  literally my female friend, but used to mean my dear/love. This is a somewhat old-fashioned term contracted from  mon amie mamie ma mie. Note that  mie  also refers to the soft part of bread - the opposite of the crust. Affectionate French Terms Related to Animals Learn some playful French word for your loved ones. My doe ma biche My little doe ma bichette My quail (informal) ma caille My duck mon canard My kitten mon chaton My cat (familiar) ma chatte My pig mon cochon My egg mon coco My hen (informal) ma cocotte My rabbit mon lapin My otter ma loutre My wolf mon loup My pussycat (informal) mon mimi My pussycat mon minet / ma minette My kitty mon minou My hen ma poule My chicken mon poulet My pullet (informal) ma poulette My chick (informal) mon poussin My flea (informal) ma puce Love Words Related to Food My cabbage, my pastry (informal) mon chou My favorite, blue-eyed boy/girl, pet* (informal) mon chouchou My dropping (also refers to a small, round goat cheese) ma crotte My barley sugar mon sucre dorge *as in teachers pet    Notes About Modifiers The word  petit  (little) can be added in front of most of these:  mon petit chou,  ma petite chatte, etc.The phrase  en sucre  (made of sugar) can be added to the end of some:  mon trà ©sor en sucre,  mon cÅ“ur en sucre, etc. Note that the  possessive adjectives  mon  and  ma  (my) have to agree with the gender of the term of endearment- not your own gender nor necessarily that of the person youre talking to/about. Generally speaking, masculine terms of endearment can be used for men and women, while feminine terms of endearment can only be used for women. Perfect Your Pronunciation: How to Say I Love You in French They say that French is the language of love, so youd better know how to say I love you! These step-by-step instructions will teach you how to say I love you in French. Heres How Find the person you love.Say his or her name.Say  je taime:j  in  je  is pronounced [zh] like the g in miragee  is pronounced like the oo in goodtaime  is pronounced [tem] to rhyme with them.Optional: Follow with my darling:To a woman   ma chà ©rie, pronounced [ma shay ree].To a man   mon chà ©ri, pronounced [mo(n) shay ree]. The (n) is  nasal.You can also choose a different  French term of endearmentOptional: To respond to someone who says I love you, say  Moi aussi, je taime  (I love you too).moi  is pronounced mwa.aussi  is pronounced oh see.You can listen to sound files of these terms on my page of  French love language What You Need A few minutes of practiceA romantic locationYour beloved(optional) candles, flowers, bonbons, soft music, an engagement ring... English Expressions Using Love The English word love is found in many different expressions. Heres how to translate these phrases into French. love affair (literal) une liaison love affair (figurative) une passion love at first sight le coup de foudre love child un enfant damourun enfant illgitimeun enfant naturel love feast une agapeun banquet love game (tennis) un jeu blanc love handles poignes damour love-hate relationship un rapport amour-haine love-in-a-mist (plant) la nigelle de Damas love-knot les lacs damour love letter une lettre damourun billet-doux love-lies-bleeding (plant) amarante queue-de-renard love life la vie amoureuseses amours love match un mariage damour love nest un nid damourun nid damoureux love of ones life le grand amour love potion un philtre damour love scene une scne damour love seat une causeuse love story une histoire damour love (in tennis) zro, rien love token un gage damour love triangle un triangle amoureux loved ones tres chers lovestruck perdument amoureux brotherly love amour fraternel casual love affair un amour de rencontre courtly love amour courtois declaration of love une dclaration damour first love son premier amour free love amour libre in love (with) amoureux (de) labor of love une tche accomplie pour le plaisir madly in love fou damour my love (term of endearment) mon amour physical love amour physique platonic love amour platonique puppy love amour juvnile true love le grand amour for the love of God pour lamour de Dieu He loves me, he loves me not Il maime un peu, beaucoup, passionnment, la folie, pas du tout Hows your love life? Comment vont tes amours ? Id love to! Avec plaisir !Volontiers ! It cant be had for love nor money. Cest introuvable.On ne peut se le procurer aucun prix. Lucky at cards, unlucky in love Heureux au jeu, malheureux en amour not for love nor moneyI wouldnt do it for love nor money. pour rien au mondeJe ne le ferais pour rien au monde. Someone up there loves me. Cest mon jour de veine. Theres no love lost between them. Entre eux, ce nest pas le grand amour.Ils ne peuvent pas se sentir. to do something for the love of it faire qqchose pour lamour de lart to do something out of love for faire qqchose par lamour pour to do something with loving care faire qqchose avec amour to fall in love (with) tomber amoureux (de) to live on love alone vivre / se nourrir damour et deau frache to love aimer to make love faire lamour

Concert report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concert report - Assignment Example When I walked into the church there were a bunch of chairs directly in front of the stage for the audience, but there were also two rows of chairs on the stage. This was so when the group of performers finished their parts then they could take a rest over there and watch the solo parts of the concert. The audience extremely enjoyed the concert because the Avanti Chamber Singers put on a great show for everyone. This concert was very special for me because it was the first time that I was privileged enough to hear a choir live. Throughout the first half of the program, I would have to say that three songs stood out to me, and all of them were composed by the Brock professor Matthew Therrien. The piece, titled "Requiem," created a warm and sweet image in my mind. The sounds of the violin and piano provided wonderful background music and made me really comfortable. When the female voice came in, I felt like many angels were singing the song at that moment. After the intermission, I would have to say that my most favorite piece was "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot." The reason is that it was one of the very few that I had already heard before that night. This song invoked a range of emotions for me, but I guess I enjoyed the deepness of the voices. It gave me a feeling like I was in church or something because it felt like there was power in the air. Although the song was repetitive in a way, I liked that the choir changed key for each new chorus so that it provided a new sound. The song is very old yet it is still powerful today, and I think that this shows the songs popularity too. This song would have to be my favorite of the night because I could just not resist getting up and clapping in time with the beat. If I had to choose one song for a movie sound track, then it would have to be "Aint Got Time to Die" by Hall Johnson. This song made a real impact on me because it gives hope where there does not seem to be any. I would use in a

Cultural Issues in International Organizations Essay

Cultural Issues in International Organizations - Essay Example The paper tells that globalization is taken to mean internationalization. It has led to instantaneity, where things happening in a given location, in the world, can be experienced all over at the same time. This has been made possible through breakthrough in technology and the removal of restrictions that bar associations between different countries. Globalization led to easy exchange of ideas, knowledge, goods and services. It has made investments, exchange of money and merchandise possible across borders. This process has led into an open world economy. According to Ray, globalization is that which increase the extent of economic activity, international firm cooperation and easy and quick information flow. The current business organization have certain characteristics in common, to start with, there is diversity in international organizations. This diversity is both inside and outside the organizations. Internally managers must respond to diversity in the HR pool, much difference i n management system, diversity in means and ends including financial objectives to, advanced broad view, and adoption of a variety of models for a variety of business units. Externally the organization, there are diverse customer needs; myriads cultural values; an excess of stakeholders; different political, economic and legal provisions; and different competitors schemes. Another nature of the current global organization is interdependence. There is a web of interdependence in finance, governance, management, supply of goods and services, security, communication and transportation. Interdependence accelerates globalization, but it has many challenges associated with it, a break in the chain of flow can be devastating (Amann et al. 2007, p.5). There is the element of ambiguity in the business world today. There is a large amount of information with little clarification, making digestion and execution of appropriate action a challenge. For example, there is a range of accounting stan dards making monetary figure vague. Research is becoming unreliable due to the uprising of uncertainty. In addition, there is the issue of flux. The global companies are faced with unexpected changes. The more international the organization is the more prone it is to change. Managers should take precautions in order to avoid negative effects of change. Some cultural practices have an impact on communication; this has made international collaboration difficult. Exchange of knowledge, skills, goods and services between organizations across borders is possible if, they are simple, to the point, independent and involve similar cultural contexts. In contrast, it is difficult to share such knowledge

KTG leader ship Essay Example for Free

KTG leader ship Essay Introduction An environmental analysis in strategic management plays a very important  role in businesses by pinpointing current and potential opportunities or threats outside the company in its external environment. The external environment includes political, environmental, technological and sociological events or trends that can affect the business directly or indirectly. The main objective in this report is an environmental analysis using all the factors and analyzing tools , generally conducted as part of an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) when a strategic plan is being developed. Managers practicing strategic management must conduct an environmental analysis quarterly, semi-annually, or annually, depending on the nature of the businesss industry focusing on the followings: Analyzing factors effectiveness on our organization as one of the biggest group in the healthcare services in the region. Organization sources and competitors. Organization values chain construction. SWOT analysis evaluation. Ref: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-role-of-environmental-analysis-in-strategic-management.htm , 2014 3.ANALYSING FACTOR EFFECTIVENESS: 3.1 Macro Environment Analysis: One of the best tools for considering trends in the Macro environment is the PESTEL analysis. (Figure 1) Figure 1 3.1.1Political factors: Since we are located here in the UAE, we have no taxation and this is one of the strength point we are depend on. but at the same time our administration team not recognizing that the minimum wages should be increased comparing with the other facilities and hospitals in our region as a big competitors. 3.1.2Economic: Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy. And since our organization as privet health care facility, based on the profit rate it takes in the consideration all these factors especially after it involved in the stock market last year. Beside that the new plan is to minimize the expenses that related to the interest exchange rate by following the centralization policy. ex. making one laboratory for all branches with a very controlled transportation system for sending the patients samples to the centralized laboratory instead of having a separate laboratory in each branch 3.1.3Social: Our organization as one of the privet hospitals in the region , is giving all the healthy activities, health care providing, never giving any changing as a demographic trends. We are doing outside activities supporting some certain people those who have a chronic disease like the diabetic patients to have more and more knowledge about themselves and how to take care about it. Ref(CBS course , topic 2 , page # 5) 3.1.4Technology: We are depending on the development of new technology to maintain competitiveness. Ex(opening new department of the Nuclear medicine for early Cancers diagnostics ) 3.1.5 Environment: factors include ecological and environmental aspects such as weather, climate, and climate change, which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore, growing awareness of the potential impacts of climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer, both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. Ref http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEST_analysis According to our national regulations and environmental roles ,we are following the EHSMS(Emirates Health Safety Management System). 3.1.6 Legal  include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. The services in the hospital is the same for all patients and the priority is only for the urgent and emergency cases only not according to the nationality, color or any other discrimination issues. And on the other side there is a special track for the VIP patients ,giving the best quality to be the first choice in the region as a privet hospital. 3.2 Micro Environment Analysis: One of the best tools for considering trends in the Micro environment is the porter analysis. (Figure 2) Figure 2 Porter five forces analysis is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development. It draws upon industrial organization (IO) economics  to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. An unattractive industry is one in which the combination of these five forces acts to drive down overall profitability. A very unattractive industry would be one approaching pure competition, in which available profits for all firms are driven to normal profit. This analysis is associated with its principal innovator Michael E. Three of Porters five forces refer to competition from external sources. The remainder are internal threats. 3.2.1 Threat of Substitute Products or Services: A substitute is a product that performs the same or similar function as another product. Microeconomics teaches that the more substitutes a product has, the demand for the product becomes more elastic. Elastic demand means increased consumer price sensitivity which equates to less certainty of profits. For example, public-transportation is a substitute for driving a car, and e-mail is a substitute for writing letters. Conditions that increase the threat of substitutes are: 1.2.1.1 An attractive price of substitutes: Our organization as a privet health care facilty depends on the insurance companies in how much they are fixing the prices of the services and products, but they are trying to do some marketing using special prices for the labors in some company by doing full checkup examination for those people who don’t covered by insurance. 1.2.1.2 Increased quality of substitutes: Our facility is trying to give the best quality to be the first choice in the region in the privet health care sector. Focusing more and more to follow the highest international standards like the JCIA (Joint Commission of international accreditation) ,CAP(Collage of American Pathologist) and the ISO ..Etc 1.2.1.3 Low switching costs to consumers: our Administration is not switching the cost to the consumers since they are covered by health insurance. But sometimes they are switching the costs to the staff by minimizing the staff without enough study to the work load or stopping the annual increments. 3.2.2 . Threat of Entry: Profitable markets that yield high returns will attract new firms. This results in many new entrants, which eventually will decrease profitability for all firms in the industry. Unless the entry of new firms can be blocked by incumbents (which in business refers to the largest company in a certain industry, for instance, in telecommunications, the traditional phone company, typically called the incumbent operator), the abnormal profit rate will trend towards zero (perfect competition). The following factors can have an effect on how much of a threat new entrants may pose: The existence of barriers to entry (patents, rights, etc.). The most attractive segment is one in which entry barriers are high and exit barriers are low. Few new firms can enter and non-performing firms can exit easily. Government policy Capital requirements Absolute cost Cost disadvantages independent of size Economies of scale Economies of product differences Product differentiation Brand equity Switching costs or sunk costs Expected retaliation Access to distribution Customer loyalty to established brands Industry profitability (the more profitable the industry the more attractive it will be to new competitors) Rivalry Between Established competitors: Rivalry refers to the degree to which firms respond to competitive moves of the other firms in the industry. Rivalry among existing firms may manifest  itself in a number of ways- price competition, new products, increased levels of customer service, warranties and guarantees, advertising, better networks of wholesale distributors, and so on. The degree of rivalry in and industry is a function of a number of interacting structural features: Rivalry tends to intensify as the number of competitors increases and as they firms become more equal in size and capability. Market rivalry is usually stronger when demand for the product is growing slowly. Competition is more intense when rival firms are tempted to use price cuts or other marketing tactics to boost unit volume. Rivalry is stronger when the costs incurred by customers to switch their purchases from one brand to another are low. Market rivalry increases in proportion to the size of the payoff from a successful strategic move. Market rivalry tends to be more vigorous when it costs more to get out of a business than to stay in and compete. Rivalry becomes more volatile and unpredictable the more diverse competitors are in terms of their strategies, their personalities, their corporate priorities, their resources, and their countries of origin. Rivalry increases when strong companies outside the industry acquire weak firms in the industry and lunch aggressive, well-funded moves to transform their newly-acquired firms into major market contenders. Two principles of competitive rivalry are particularly important: (1) a powerful competitive strategy used by one company intensifies competitive pressures on the other companies, and (2) the manner in which rivals employ various competitive weapons to try to outmaneuver one another shapes the rules of competition in the industry and determines the requirements for competitive success. Since our hospital is the biggest hospital in the area, it depends in the competition on increasing the branches in all areas inside and outside the city for more than 8 branches directed by the corporate office in the Capital. 3.2.4 Bargaining Power of Customers: 3.2.4.1 Markets for Outputs: Selling goods or services to customers (distributors, customers or other manufacturers) Customers’ influence dependent upon importance of products to them their bargaining power We have a marketing team of 4 members working under the supervision of the corporate office , handling all the outputs issues like : the chronic patients disease health care activates offering free of charge checkup (ex. diabetic patients..) 3.2.4.2 Markets for Inputs: Purchasing raw materials, components and financial labor services. The same team also cooperating with the purchasing department together working to get the best quality materials for the lowest prices in order to minimize the costs. And that will allow the hospital to give more best services more than the other competitors. 3.2.5 Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The power balance between organization and supplier is similar to the relationship between organization and customer The organization becomes the customer and the producer of the inputs it requires are the suppliers Some small groups of suppliers may form cartels or cooperatives to increase their bargaining strength Suppliers use leverage such as threats to raise prices or reduce quantity or quality of goods they supply We are depending on the process comparison in the market and to services the suppliers will provide to us. In the opposite side, we are a customer for the suppliers and since we are the biggest customer in the privet sector we can manage the deal according to our needs. 3.3 Formulating: Formulating is phase one in the strategic planning process and according to  the diagram below We can see that it plays a very important in taking the best decisions and actions to achieve the objective of the organization. In our hospital there are many plans in how to make all these decisions become a real. At the beginning of each new year , we are making our plan projects for the next 12 months And everyone have to achieve his planed objectives as individual under the umbrella of the administration and corporate office objectives. And at the end of the year will have an assessment to check how many objectives he reached , according to his work assessment will get his increment , so that will let him work harder during the year to achieve the organization objectives. Figure 3 Ref(CBS course , topic 1 , page #12). 3.3.1 Organization sources and competitors : Our hospital sources is strong enough to be a strong competitor in the market depending on: Best medical companies as materials providers.  Best marketing plans based on the corporate marketing plans. Patients (as a customers ): Accepting all the insurance cards at the time that some other hospitals don’t accepting all patients. 3.3.2 Organization value chain construction Value chain is a template that identifies the activities of a company from raw materials to customer, the value added by each activity and the cost of each activity, and that facilitates implementation of business-level strategy . Ref ( CBS Strategic Management Topic 3 Page#6) The axiom is true that you never get a second chance to make a good first impression, and hospitals have many opportunities to do so. Or not. At several junctures along the trek of accessing services, the patient confronts a series of opportunities to continue in the system or not, based on the success of the interaction. These touchpoints are not created equal, and it is important to know which has the greatest impact. Here, we can focus the Service Line Growth strategy. As a tool to understand the impact  of each touchpoint, value-chain service analysis maps the process to help us decide where to focus strategic intent. Hospital business planning adapts a model developed by Michael Porter, who defines the value chain as a means to analyze an organization’s strategically relevant activities to understand how to influence performance and cost. He breaks the activities of the firm into primary and support activities. Primary activities—which, for most firms involves inbound and outbound logistics, operations, sales and marketing—are supported by an infrastructure of underlying support activities, including HR, IT, and purchasing. How the product or service is ultimately developed and delivered to the customer depends on the effective interaction of these variable activities. The hospital value chain is diverse and complex. Our service offerings are far from clear cut, varying sharply between service lines. Each specialty and disease category has a distinct value chain to be flowcharted and analyzed prior to understanding where we can impact choice by creating value. In most cases this is at the physician referral point where patients make initial decisions. This may be a primary care physician or a specialty care physician who is directly involved in managing the hospital encounter. In most cases, it is the loyalty of the physicians and their attitude towards the hospital that determines the direction of the process. This analysis is a good tool for getting stakeholders on the same page. It helps focus planning efforts and gets to the key issue of where to go and what to do. This leads us to the question—what business are we in, and where do we strategically want to focus our efforts, which is the essence of strategy. Figure 4 4.1 Strengths (Internal Factors) The hospital key strengths are the following: Long Standing Reputation – was the previous monopoly Company in the industry Government Affiliated – trusted in the Market Most skilled employees in the industry – generated good client relations 4.2 Weaknesses (Internal Factors) The main functional areas of weakness are the following: Production Costs in comparison to competitors Profit Margins – in comparison to competitors Service Delivery – poor operational functions Loss of Contracts – lack of continual Contract retention Company Culture – disconnected, divided, tall organisation structure HR Policies Procedures – poor employee retention, lack of career development, low morale Lack of MIS – no common management information systems in place across functions. Brand Identity/Image – lack of Marketing department Conclusion: The main objective is the consideration of the external and internal analyzing factors, using all the analyzing tools and studies like: PORTER, SWOT and all other analyzing international methods. This report explained clearly the essential required methods for analyzing using the practical example of my organization (Privet Hospital), how to make the competitive advantages and how to use all the efforts to get the best analyzing results. After the analyzing how can we use our strength points to be the first choice in the market and how to correct the weakness points to avoid any problem in the future. In the light of the above there are essential factors which might be affecting in any organization , so we have to cover all the points that I mentioned about it before like : Analyzing factors effectiveness on our organization as one of the biggest group in the healthcare services in the region. Organization sources and competitors. Organization values chain construction. SWOT analysis evaluation. 6. References http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-role-of-environmental-analysis-in-strategic-management.htm , 2014 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEST_analysis) , 2014 CBS course , topic 2 , page # 5 , 2014 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEST_analysis , 2014 http://www.oshad.ae/en/sectors/healthsector/Pages/ehsmsrequirements.aspx, 2014 http://www.dineshbakshi.com/igcse-business-studies/external-environment/revision-notes/63-external-environment-factors, 2014 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_five_forces_analysis ,7 March 2014) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_five_forces_analysis#Threat_of_new_entrants, 2014 http://www.strategy-formulation.24xls.com/en114 CBS course , topic 2 , page #17 , 2014 CBS course , topic 2 , page #20 , 2014 CBS course , topic 1 , page #12 , 2014 CBS Strategic Management Topic 3 Page#6 , 2014 http://healthcarestrategicadvantage.blogspot.ae/2007/11/value-chain-analysis.html , 2014 Strategic Management Unit 306 (CBS) , 2014

Beerpong :: essays papers

Beerpong Beer pong is one of the most popular drinking games known to collegiate students across the country. This game is so often played in college life that most of the time, rules cannot be agreed upon because there are so many different versions. Everyone who plays the game knows a different set of rules, based upon what they had previously been taught. This paper will discuss not only how to play the game, but popular variations that I have come across while doing extensive and grueling research for this paper as well. In order to play beer pong, there are essential items you must have. First, you will need a Ping-Pong table, but any table around the same length will do. Then you will need twelve, sixteen-ounce cups, preferably the red ones that are frequently used at parties, as well as two Ping-Pong balls. Two additional cups filled with water will be useful to clean the balls after they hit the floor. However, this is an optional hygienic step not necessary to play the game, but one that is recommended. Oh, not to mention, the beer. I would suggest that there is a lot readily available, because it is common to go through it quickly in this game. After all of the necessary items are gathered, it is time to set up the game. First, pick two teams, made up of either one or two people. There should be even teams, but Canadian doubles are acceptable. A Canadian double is a team of two, verses a team of one. Then each team should take six cups and set them up in pyramid form on the far ends of the table making sure that the rims of the cups are touching each other. Once the cups are set, they should be filled with beer. A lite, cheap beer is probably the best due to the fact that it is economical and it will go down easier. In the version that I’m most familiar with, there are two full beers in each set of six cups, and you can fill these cups however you want. For example, if you wanted, you could put all the beer in the back three cups and very little in the front three. The front three are easier to hit, because they are closer to the person shooting, so if you put less beer in them, it would make the game harder for you r opponent.

Gender Trait Chart Essay

Complete the chart by listing seven traits you believe are associated with male or female behavior. Examine the differences of these traits between genders. Identify whether the differences are biological, social, inherent, or learned. Explain why. Gender Trait What are the trait differences between genders?  Are the trait differences biological or social? Are the traits inherent or learned? Why? Nurturing Women are more nurturing than men re. They show signs of being more emotional and caring. inherent and learned it seems to be associated with genetics but also through the expectations of society- women are expected to be more nurturing and caring. Sympathetic Women are sympathetic then men are however some males have carry the same trait Learned and inherent women tend to be more sympathetic and nurturing which is mostly learned but can also be inherent. Dominant More of a male trait, being dominant tends to show the male is in charge. Inherent and learned this trait can be inherited but also learned men are obligated to be more â€Å"macho† and being dominant proves masculinity. Aggressiveness Male trait Inherent and learned men are suppose to be rough and show fearlessness in some sort of way, this is the perspective from society.

Examine Marxist views of the role of the family Essay

Marxist is a perspective view that society is built as class conflict between the Capitalist who own the means of production and the working class. Capitalists believe that there is are three functions of the family: Inheritance of property; ideology functions and unit of consumptions. Marxists say that the family benefits capitalist. Marxists say that one role or functions of the family is inheritance of property. The Bourgeoisie own the means of production whereas the working class just work for the capitalist and own no means of production. The Capitalist want to keep control of the means of production and the only way they can do this is by inheritance of property, which means that all the property is handed down to the first son. A Marxist sociologist, Engles, says this explains the rise in monogamist marriages as marriage makes sure there is a legitimate heir. This is why families are important as it helps maintain a capitalist society. Another role or function the family has i s an ideology function. Ideology function means a set of beliefs and ideas that the capital is a dominant class and that the equality is right and just. The family helps keep this idea by primary socialisation of the young and children being brought up learning these ideas that Capitalism is right. This helps maintain capitalism because children will eventually become the next labour force for capitalists. The last role of the family is that it is a unit of consumption which means that Capitalist own the production and the working class are wanting for Capitalist as well as buying from them. This helps maintain capitalism, which is a family’s main role or function, because they are buying from capitalism and they would benefit. Feminist would criticise Marxist by saying that the family benefit men and men only, causing aoppression for women. Functionalist would criticise the Marxist view that the family benefits Capitalist. They believe that society is based or a value consensus. And that the family benefits society as well as its individual members.

Discover Amazing Manta Ray Facts

Discover Amazing Manta Ray Facts Manta rays are the largest rays in the world. There are at least two species of mantas. Manta birostris is the giant oceanic manta and Manta alfredi is the reef manta. Their appearance is similar and the range of the two species overlaps, but the giant manta is more often found on the open ocean while the reef manta visits shallower, coastal waters. Fast Facts: Manta Ray Scientific Name: Manta sp.Other Names: Devil ray, Giant manta, Mobula sp.Distinguishing Features: Massive ray with a triangular shape, cavernous mouth, and paddle-shaped lobes in front of its mouthAverage Size: 7 meters (M. birostris); 5.5 m (M. alfredi)Diet: Carnivorous filter feederLifespan: Up to 50 yearsHabitat: Tropical and subtropical oceans worldwideConservation Status: Vulnerable (Population Decreasing)Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ChondrichthyesSubclass: ElasmobranchiiOrder: MyliobatiformesFamily: MobulidaeFun Fact: Mantas regularly visit reef cleaning stations to have external parasites removed. Description The name manta means mantle or cloak, which is an accurate description of the animals form. Manta rays have triangular pectoral fins, broad heads, and gill slits on their ventral surfaces. Their horn-shaped cephalic fins have earned them the nickname devil ray. Both species of ray have small, square teeth. The species differ in the structure of their dermal denticles, color patterns, and tooth patterns. Most mantas are black or dark-colored on top with marked shoulders and pale undersides. The ventral surface may have distinctive dark marks. All-black animals also occur. M. birostris has a spine near its dorsal fin, but it is incapable of stinging. M. birostris reaches 7 m (23 ft) in width, while M. alfredi reaches 5.5 m (18 ft) in width. A large manta can weight up to 1350 kg (2980 lb). Manta rays must move forward to pass oxygenated water over their gills. The fish swim basically by flapping their pectoral fins and flying underwater. Despite their large size, mantas frequently breach into air. The fish have one of the highest brain-to-body mass ratios and are believed to be highly intelligent. Manta rays must swim forward to breathe. Gregory Sweeney / Getty Images Distribution Manta rays live in the tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. They have been seen as far north as North Carolina in the United States (31Â °N)Â  and as far south as New Zealand (36Â °S), although they only venture into temperate seas when the water temperature is at least 20 Â °C (68 Â °F). Both species are pelagic, found mainly in the open ocean. They are common in coastal waters from spring to fall. They migrate as far as 1000 km (620 mi) and occur at depths ranging from sea level down to 1000 m (3300 ft). During the day, manta rays swim near the surface. At night, they venture deeper. Manta ray distribution. maplab Diet Manta rays are carnivorous filter feeders that prey upon zooplankton, including krill, shrimp, and crab larvae. Mantas hunt by sight and smell. A manta herds its prey by swimming around it so the current collects the plankton. Then, the ray speeds through the ball of food with a wide-open mouth. The cephalic fins channel particles into the mouth, while the gill arches collect them. Predators Killer whales and large sharks prey upon mantas. Cookie cutter sharks, which take round cookie-shaped bites from their prey, can inflict potentially fatal damage. Rays are susceptible to a variety of parasites. They routinely visit reef cleaning stations for wound cleaning and ectoparasite removal. The ability of each fish to revisit cleaning stations is considered evidence manta rays construct mental maps of their surroundings. Reproduction Mating occurs at different times of the year and depends on the mantas geographic location. Courtship appears to involve fish swimming in trains, often during the full moon. During mating, the male almost always grasps the females left pectoral fin. He then turns so the two are belly-to-belly and inserts a clasper into her cloaca. Gestation is believed to take 12 to 13 months. The egg cases hatch inside the female. Eventually, one to two pups emerge. Females usually give birth every two years. Males mature when they are younger and smaller than females. Females usually mature around 8 to 10 years of age. Mantas may live up to 50 years in the wild. Manta Rays and Humans Historically, manta rays were worshipped or feared. It wasnt until 1978 that divers demonstrated the animals were gentle and would interact with humans. Today, some of the best success protecting manta rays has come from ecotourism. Fishing a manta for its meat, skin, or for gill rakers for Chinese traditional medicine can earn hundred of dollars. However, each ray can bring in $1 million in tourism dollars over its lifetime. Scuba divers are most likely to encounter the great fish, but tourism in the Bahamas, Hawaii, Indonesia, Australia, Spain, and other countries makes it possible for anyone to view mantas. While the rays are not aggressive, care must be taken to avoid touching the fish because disrupting its mucous layer makes it susceptible to injury and infection. Mantas are not aggressive toward humans. James R.D. Scott / Getty Images Conservation Status The IUCN Red List classifies both M. alfredi and M. birostris as vulnerable with an elevated risk of extinction. While mantas are protected by many countries, their numbers are declining because of migration through unprotected waters, overfishing, bycatch, entanglement in fishing gear, ingestion of microplastics, water pollution, boat collisions, and climate change. Local populations face a severe threat because there is little interaction between subpopulations. Because of the fishs low reproductive rate, its unlikely mantas in unprotected areas can recover, particularly from overfishing. However, a few public aquariums are large enough to house manta rays. These include the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta, the Atlantis Resort in the Bahamas, and the Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium in Japan. The aquarium in Okinawa has successfully birthed manta rays in captivity. Sources Ebert, David A. (2003). Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras of California. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23484-0.Marshall, A. D.; Bennett, M. B. (2010). Reproductive ecology of the reef manta ray Manta alfredi in southern Mozambique. Journal of Fish Biology. 77 (1): 185–186. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02669.xParsons, Ray (2006). Sharks, Skates, and Rays of the Gulf of Mexico: A Field Guide. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-60473-766-0.White, W. T.; Giles, J.; Dharmadi; Potter, I. (2006). Data on the bycatch fishery and reproductive biology of mobulid rays (Myliobatiformes) in Indonesia. Fisheries Research. 82 (1–3): 65–73. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2006.08.008

Your Voice is Like a Recipe

Your Voice is Like a Recipe The hardest thing for me to describe to a new writer is voice.   At a recent conference, during an informal gathering, a new writer asked how to identify voice. I gave her authors’ names and showed her how they had distinct voices. She recognized theirs, but she was still confused how to identify her own. Then I read a blog post about developing your own recipes, and how good cooks start off reading other recipes, then altering them as they deem necessary. Soon they have original dishes, after trial and error, insertions and deletions, embellishing and withdrawing. The same goes for writing. Recently, I heard a new writer say she didn’t have time to read very much. I hate that, because reading other work is the best teaching tool out there. Not conferences, not degrees, not how-to books, not that those don’t help. However, since the beginning of time, it’s been proven that the best way to learn anything is I’ve heard some writers say they are afraid they will copy who they read. Nah. Ain’t gonna happen. You are not as good as they are, and trust me, you will not pull it off like they do. They have their voice. They know what they’re doing. You may still be searching. I believe that reading the masters (i.e., successful authors who write in the genre you write) teaches you what works. You may even try writing like them. One author, then another author, then yet another. They are in your head as you fight a chapter – the action, the character development, the plot formulation. You study one   author for one aspect, then grab another for yet a different facet. Go ahead and copy them. You’re going to edit the book anyway.   Because a funny thing happens between Chapter One and Chapter Thirty. Your writing grows. You start winging it several chapters into the story. You aren’t so quick to copy, and get quicker at making up your own stuff. You reach Chapter Thirty and then†¦you go back and read the first few chapters. Wow. You write better than what you put in the opening chapters, and you learned it as you fought your way to the final chapters. That’s when you start with Chapter One and edit away, using the new voice that seems to ooze out here and there. You edit all the way through the book. Then you go back and look at Chapters One through Ten or so again. Dang it! You discover your voice grew again! You write better in the end than you did in the beginning of the story. So†¦you edit the book again. You do this over and over and over. Twenty times or more, if necessary. As long as you feel your ending sounds better than the beginning, you rewrite, until your voice is uniform  throughout. A handful of you will think your book is good after the second draft, and you would be wrong. All those edits are necessary to build that elusive voice. Aren’t sure you have your voice defined yet?   Keep reading the masters, copying the masters, writing beginning to end, and rewriting over and over. So, what does this have to do with a recipe? When you first make a dish, you use a recipe perfected

Human resource- motivation at sales company Essay

Human resource- motivation at sales company - Essay Example Statistics indicate that sales persons are motivated by tangible rewards as well as cash rewards. They acknowledge that cash do help them get the bills paid but it does not keep sales people going (32%). In fact 79% respondents to an Incentive Federation survey indicate that they find non-cash rewards more effective in motivating them achieve sales and marketing goals than cash rewards. Tangible rewards increase performance by 22% while team incentives increase performance by 44%. Moreover, sales people are more enticed by incentive programs including give-aways, travel opportunities, privileges, club membership or be part of the company’s elite group. Although companies have the potential to improve their organizational performances, they are at times unaware of the tools available to them. For most organizations, motivation is compensation; it is cash rewards given out to employees as incentives. However, this is not the appropriate or effective strategy for increasing employee performance, changing their attitude or even motivating them, especially for a sales workforce whose motivational factors differ from other employees. Organizations need to focus on stoking sales team spirit according to Greco (1994). Compensation is not the only motivating factor (Smith 2008). The University of Michigan identified communication as the key to understanding employees motives and a means to responding to their needs (Ford, McLaughlin, and Newstrom, 2003). Representatives need statistics to boost their performance. Statistics to track sales and profits include traffic, average sale, closing ratio, inventory, pricing trends, prospects lists, client information, industry statistics etc. Cash rewards are unpopular as compared to tangible rewards. Positive incentives which can be integrated at the workplace to motivate sales team include recognition program, awards, and respect for contribution. Marchetti (2006) indicates

In the decade of 1970, women's fashion trend reveals there had a Essay

In the decade of 1970, women's fashion trend reveals there had a strong intertwined relationship with political events and socia - Essay Example Fashion and design changed from being an elite group associated culture, but developed to incorporate the different age groups and genders for nations’ population. The designers had to put an extra effort in their artistic and designed works, so that they could come up with appealing styles and produce more for the vast population within their nations, and across their boundaries where the demand existed. It was a spontaneous thing to do for the growing markets in America, Europe and British among others. Some designers could not keep up with the current trend of the time, others had to lose some of their authenticity and adjust to the new changes, while for other designers, it gave them an opportunity for entering the industry and popularizing their new ideas works. Fashion boosted women careers and confidence in their new changing roles in official positions and politics, gave feminists more vigor, played a key role in opposition towards the governments and their operations, influenced by music (hippies, punk and rock) and social cultures. Fashion and Women in Politics The period after the 1960s saw women venture in politics and official positions in the government. ... Power clothes for women that expressed their new absorption and ability to perform in different careers that had been attached to masculininity became the new fashion, and career guide embraced by most working women at the time and later in the 80s (Hill 123). The power suit was the great design of the period that was tailored into different looks to distinguish it from the men’s suit style and looks. The variations of the power suits either with the men like pants or the ladies skirts as well as the make in different colors made the outfit even more diverse, and acceptable for women in high demand markets. The professional look was promoted by the influencing fashion that saw women dress in designer blazers and pants, official jackets and skits sets among other lines of power suits as designed by Karl Lagerfield (â€Å"Fashion† thepeoplehistory.com). It demonstrated equality in work places and power opinion for the working women in their careers. While seeking their ri ghts, liberation, and being free from male supremacy in their societies, the women's movements in the 1970s gave an opportunity for women to dress in fashionable pants designed for women, as way of sending a political and social message to change the oppressive social structure and enhance equality. According to Coen, the 1970s second wave of feminism greatly contributed to power suit acceptance as female wear, with the suits exaggerating women’s shoulders, skirts and trousers worn with relaxed jackets indicated how women intended to climb the ladder of success and how their presences was a force to be reckoned (mancunion.com). The famous designs of Yves Saint Laurent (YSL) can demonstrate more with his influential work in

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Book Review - Essay Example to the authors, a small group of remarkable leaders and scholars has been changing the world by influencing people’s behavior and they encourage the readers to be influencers. They maintain that it is essential to find vital behaviors as big problems succumb to changes in just few behaviors and that changing behavior requires changing minds. In the second part of the book, the authors deal with the six sources of influence to make change inevitable and they are personal motivation, personal ability, social motivation, social ability, structural motivation, and structural ability. Personal motivation is important to make the undesirables desirable and to overcome reluctance and resistance by connecting to values. Personal ability helps one in surpassing one’s limits and it is important to overinvest in learning how to master skills and emotions, because new behavior requires new skills. Social motivation is another important source of influence as it straps up peer press ures. Another significant factor is social ability which amplifies influence through just-in-time teamwork. Structural motivation and structural ability help one in designing rewards and demanding accountability and changing the environment. â€Å"There is a growing body of knowledge as well as impressive supply of real-life success stories that teach exactly how to change almost any human behavior. Read the scholarly works of Dr. Albert Bandura. Then watch what Dr. Mimi Silbert does at Delancey Street. These two influencers alone demonstrate that, if you know what you’re doing, you can indeed change remarkably resistant behavior.† (Patterson, Grenny, Maxfield, McMillan and Switzler, 2007, p 253). Therefore, Influencer: The Power to Change Anything is an essential book dealing with the strategies to develop influencers who can replace bad behaviors with powerful new skills, motivate others to change, and make things happen. In a reflective exploration of the book Influencer: The Power to Change

The Social Mobility Of My Family

The Social Mobility Of My Family The following paper includes research of Social mobility within social classes and how this has affected my family. This is a controversial issue whether socioeconomic inheritance or the class one is born into plays a role to the social mobility of the individual in one direction or another. I will give examples of my familys social mobility for the past four generations. Some may argue that starting off at a lower social class can restrict one from social mobility. From this perspective, it is thought that not having access to education or many opportunities for success make it much harder to get out from under a life of always working from paycheck to paycheck. On the other hand, others argue that we all have the same opportunity to advance our social status and move up or down the class structure within generations. The textbook spells out several different philosophies in regards to social class. Karl Marx believed that social class was created by a persons relationship with labo r. Marx separated people into those who own the means of production, and those who sell their labor (Henslin 188). Another concept the textbooks talks about was established by Joseph Kahl and Dennis Gilbert, and they based their opinions on Max Weber. Weber alleged social class is a large collection of individuals who are categorized carefully to each other in property, power and prestige (Henslin 202). Kahl and Gilbert added to this notion to include a persons education or lack thereof. Kahl and Gilbert state that today the quality of education that an individual receives also denotes the capabilities a person may possess. Kahl and Gilbert created a class social structure that contained of capitalist, upper middle class, lower middle class, working class, working poor and underclass. The higher one is in social class the greater their property or income is, along with prestige of the university they attended and the power they hold in their occupation. After analyzing the two diffe rent ideas of social class structure, I believe the most adequate structure is the social class structure of Kahl and Gilbert. Their structure allows for more wisdom and inconsistency in social class as well as superior means for explaining the difference of classes. My familys story My analysis of my familys social mobility starts with my mothers grandparents. Prior to the great depression they were that of upper middle class and would have been considered very well off. They had several farms a very large house with servants and over 1000 acres. My grandfathers part within the family of 8 was to work on the farms with his older brother getting a management role and other siblings going to college and waiting to be married. My grandfather was a very hard worker and fell into the role to handle the farms and such even though he was from the same class as the rest of the family he was seen as lower because of his younger age and hardworking mentality. Much of the family looked down on him for getting his hands dirty. His father did not allow him to continue school and he dropped to work the farms in the 8th grade. His older brother and father handled the money and management of the farms operations until the Great Depression occurred in the late 20s. After a fire which resulted in them losing several animals, a house and barn as well as other circumstances from the depression they ended up losing it all. My grandfather ended up renting a farm being a time of the dust bowl he was unable to raise sufficient crops so he began buying horses and cattle that were in poor health for very little. He would clean them up train the horses and sell them back months later for a large profit. He did this several time until he eventually saved enough to buy back the family farm where he began to milk cows and cash crops as the land was much better. My grandmother came from a very low social class but did get to go to college as her oldest sister and her husband made it possible by paying for all of their siblings to go to college as well as they both became professors and continued to live very frugal lives never having children and having a very giving life. My Grandmother graduated college at 16 and soon met my Grandfather they had 5 children with my mot her being the youngest. My grandmother started teaching soon after the children were out of diapers. A very large age gap made it so that my mother was still young when the oldest brother joined the navy during WWII. A few years later my mothers other siblings went off to college as the economy recovered as a result of the war. My mother and father started dating while my mother was 16 and they married soon after meeting and had my oldest sister at age 17. They moved into a small house just down the road from my grandparents farm and had three more children. Eventually my father built us a house on the family land that my grandmother gave them. My father is a very hardworking man and worked as a farmhand then a machinist and a carpenter until an accident in 1975 that left him disabled and unable to work. This along with a recession in the 1980s hurt my parents financially. After struggling to make things work they divorced in 1981. My mother, brother and I moved to an apartment in M adison. My sisters moved out by themselves or with boyfriends and got working class jobs as my parents did not have the means to help pay for college. Our income, status and social class level dropped to the poverty level. Living in a single parent household led by the mother we experienced the Feminization of Poverty (Henslin, p. 206). My father was on disability with very little means to even care for himself let along his children. My mother took on several jobs but with no education it never seemed to be enough. I started working to pay for food and such and help out with clothes and such. I was washing dishes and odd jobs mowing lawns. On my fifteenth birthday I decided to move out on my own. My mother had met someone and they were getting married. He had moved in and I did not get along with him or my mother very well. I tried to do well in school but trying to make rent made that a difficult task. I did try and go to college but never having enough money for rent or food made that impossible. I eventually dropped out of school and took on construction jobs. I guess I inherited some of those skills from my father and I am not afraid of hard work so I focused on that. I did well in construction and eventually married and had two children. During the 2000 construction boom I flipped several houses and built myself a very nice house. I had moved my family back up to middle class life. After my children were born my wife struggled with depression and eventually it got so bad that we decided to separate and were divorced in 2002. I had decided I would not make my children go through what I went through with my parents divorce so I decided to give it all to them and my ex-wife so we would not have to sell the house and make them possible change schools. I had paid down the mortgage to around 100,000 on a house that is worth well over 500,000. I took all other bills credit cards and car payments. I felt with my skills that I would be able to rebuild my life and they would be taken care of. Then a recession hit slow at first with construction getting slower and slower and eventually in 2008 the economy got really bad. It has been hard to turn around and the recession could not have hit a worse time. I have actually moved several times in the past years downgrading to a lesser quality home and car to save money. With very little work and the economy slow to recover I decided to apply to go to school. This is my second semester at Madison College and I am doing well. I am on the deans list with a current 3.9 GPA. Being the only one of my siblings going to college it is important that I finish. I am hopeful that the US economy turns around and I can find a decent job or get my business back making money. The problem is that I am now somewhat stuck not making enough to borrow money to buy my way out and with no college education to get a great paying job while the construction market is saturated and not coming back very fast. Having circumsta nces affecting each generation has had an impact on the social mobility of my family in a negative way starting with the great depression and continuing with the current recession. I feel that education is a key factor for social mobility. In the past younger siblings lost out on getting to go to college and getting to take over families businesses with the oldest male child usually taking over. My view My own view is that while there is a real disadvantage with education and opportunity advantages it is still possible to move up or down within social class that we were born into but for some it is very hard if not impossible. Though I concede that this may be a hard thing to overcome and defiantly harder for the lower class than within the middle or upper class. I still maintain that good work ethic and faith can increase the success of social mobility. For example my grandfather took an approach to find new innovative ways to make money and save for the right opportunity to come and then follow through. Although some might object that upper middle class and upper class should not have to pay for those born into lower class. I would reply that it is our social responsibility to give everyone an education and increase the opportunity for success for each and every individual within the United States. The issue is important because of how we are evolving humanity and making everyone so they can contribute to their potential is better for all. The alternative is that many will go on welfare or break laws and end up in prison as they have no way out of the life they were born into. This cost is much higher than the cost an education would be. Family disruption or economic loss The experience of family disruption during childhood substantially increases the odds of ending up in the lowest occupational stratum as opposed to the stable families having a better chance to be in a high class. Family disruption also weakens the association between dimensions of occupational origins and destinations. The socioeconomic destinations from nonimpact family backgrounds bear less resemblance to their socioeconomic origins that those from intact backgrounds. Those from traditional two-parent homes exhibit a stronger pattern of intergenerational occupational inheritance than those from disrupted families. Upward income mobility has decreased to such a point that the United States appears to have the highest rate of income inequality in the industrialized world, according to the non-partisan Congressional Research Service. Longstanding partisan battles in Congress about policy issues such as instituting a more progressive tax code, the tax treatment of capital gains and in heritance, and the expansion of social welfare benefits like food stamps and healthcare in recent years have not ended very well for the nations poor. Empirical analyses estimate the United States is a comparatively immobile society, that is, where on starts in the income distribution influences where one ends up to a greater degree than in several advanced economies (Cite). Reports suggest the U.S. is no longer, if it ever was a nation where the poorest can feasibly lift themselves up by their bootstraps. If income were equally distributed, each fifth household would account for 20 percent of total income. The poorest of these has long since accounted for far less than its proportionate share, barely budging from about 4 percent in recent decades, according to the U.S. Census Bureau (Cite). Meanwhile, since 1968 the middle class has seen its total income share decrease steadily, while those among the top-fifth of earners particularly the top 5 percent have seen their incomes skyr ocket. For instance, the top 5 percent held 22.3 percent of the nations wealth in 2011, up from 16.3 percent four decades earlier. The advantages offered by an affluent lifestyle clearly influence an individuals chances for economic mobility, the CRS reports. According to an analysis of empirical data, the study authors estimate there is a positive relationship of about 0.5 between a parent and adult income. Children of parents with above-average salaries are more likely, on average, to also bring in high incomes. Half the economic advantage the children of well-off families enjoy comes from having been born into wealthy families in the first place. On top of that, the chances of adults moving up from their initial income economic position has decreased or remained stagnant in recent decades, which is of particular concern since most Americans still believe economic mobility in the U.S. is completely within their reach. Americans may be less concerned about inequality in the distrib ution of income at any given point in time partly because of a belief that everyone has an equal opportunity to move up the income ladder. Different types of family structures experienced during childhood have varying effects on socioeconomic attainment and social mobility. Those within the middle class will, statistically, experience some economic mobility. According to a study by the Pew Economic Mobility Project, 43 percent of children whose parents were born in the bottom one fifth remained at the bottom when they became adults. In contrast, 40 percent of children born to parents at the top one fifth were also at the top as adults. The study compared intergenerational mobility rates between 1984 to 1994 and 1994 to 2004. Conclusion The topics of particular importance in contemporary sociology seem to be the inequality of educational opportunity and mechanisms of social mobility or immobility. Also the effects of the households saving behavior and the implication of this behavior for the distribution of wealth and the relationship between the extent of free enterprise and opportunity in the economy and socioeconomic mobility, that is, the movement of families across wealth classes over time. Some studies suggest that as technology advances, lower income workers do not have the skills or educational requirements to keep up with changing labor needs. The demand for highly skilled workers trained in engineering or information technology has elevated, while the need for lower skilled and middle skilled workers has diminished which is one of the casualties of globalization. The philosophical battle over how to achieve economic growth and social mobility has escalated to a point that conservatives have resisted attemp ts to direct more investments in programs such as early childhood education and college tuition aid. The battle continues as Democrats are pushing for more investments in social safety net programs while Republicans are calling for a self-reliant approach. Education gap creates more inequality and arguably promote equality in the opportunity to move up the income ladder, which an increasingly unequal distribution of income may suggest a lack of and which may itself curb the potential productive capacity of the economy an education gap is one of the main reasons commonly offered to explain the nations widening income inequality. Although many still firmly believe, and constantly argue, that Americans have an equal opportunity to move up the economic ladder, the researchers conclude that opportunity is far from equal.

Essay --

Based upon the assessment of these important aspects, therapist psycho-educate the family and adolescent about the important findings of the detailed interview and plan out the intervention. Case example of assessment findings in obese adolescent girl: The mother of a 12-year-old girl came for consultation for her daughter’s weight concerns and comments that the girl is concerned about her weight and is being teased about this at school and in the family. There is a family history of obesity in parents and grandparents. During the assessment it was found that the girl’s main interests are sedentary activities like watching T.V., internet use and playing video games. Physical activity is limited, ‘screen time’ is 4-5 hours a day and dietary habits put her at risk of weight gain (skipping breakfast, frequent snacking, consuming soft drinks, and high preference of junk food). The girl has not attained menarche and has a BMI above the 95th percentile on the US-CDC growth chart and normal lipid profile, liver function test, glucose and insulin levels. On psychosocial assessment, she was found to be anxious and depressed due to her increasing weight, body image concerns and previous failed attempts of weight lo ss. She lost her confidence and has low self esteem. She indulged in emotional eating as well to overcome her stress. She has fewer friends as most of the people tease her about her weight. So she prefers to stay alone Impression: Obese with high risk of further weight gain and psycho-social problems. Components & Structure of Cognitive Behaviour therapy There is enough evidence to support the effectiveness of comprehensive behavioural intervention program that include dietary modification and exercise routine as treatment of ... ...cific and realistic goals that can be easily measured (e.g. walking/ running for 40 minutes, five times per week). Give them rewards for achieving goals. 9. Don’t use food as reward. 10. Limit sedentary behaviour Limiting television/computer/video game time gradually from 3 hours/day to 2 hours/day, finally to 1 hours/day (most of the time the strategy of reducing children’s sedentary behaviour can be more effective than a strategy of promoting physical activity). 11. Teach self monitoring to the child Give responsibility to monitor his/ her eating behaviour and physical activity by maintain logbooks/ diaries. Verbally praise the child for taking responsibility. 12. Enhance open communication with the child Let the child be comfortable in sharing his/her feelings with you because many a times child would resort to food to overcome these negative emotions/feelings.

Dogfight over Europe: Ryanair Essay

Ryanair was launched at a time that did not seem highly favorable to the airline industry. As a matter of facts, in 1986, the market was still recovering from the aftermaths of the OPEC oil embargo and the 1979’s oil crisis which led to an important increase in the jet oil prices, along with a recession that cut demand for air travel and thus gave an impulse to the aircrafts’ cheaper substitutes, such as trains and ferries. Despite that high bargaining power of suppliers and threat of substitution products that made the external environment unfavorable, the Ryan brothers’ wish to launch their airline did not diminish. The company’s first service was launched in 1985 between the southeastern Irish city of Waterford and Gatwick Airport, located on the outskirts of London. One year later, the newborn company started operating between Dublin and the British capital. Two majors Airlines operated on this latter route at that time: British Airways and Aer Lingus, the Irish flag-carrier company. Moreover, some strong US airlines reached out for new routes into Europe after the deregulation of the domestic US airline industry, which made the pressure of competitors even more intense in the airline industry. Last but not least, charter flights, which thrived during the 1960’s to bypass the European regulations and to tap the increasing demand for leisure travel, were transporting 60% of all European passengers by the mid-1980’s. Despite this high unwelcoming rivalry in the market, Ryanair made the choice to focus on the challenging Dublin-London route, which was reputed to be quite lucrative for both British and Irish flag-carriers. At that time, data showed that three-quarters of a million round-trip Dublin-London travelers opted to use rail and sea ferries rather than aircraft. This information, highlighting the high pressure and threat that the airline industry was undergoing on behalf of the substitution products, confirmed the unattractive character of the local market. In spite of this fact, Ryanair initiated service on the Dublin-London route in 1986, using a 44-seat turboprop during its early stages. Ryanair adopted a launch strategy that differentiated it from its competitors in two main ways. First, it employees would focus on delivering first-rate customer service; second, the company would charge a simple, single fare for a ticket with no restriction, while British Airways was offering a spectrum of ticket prices with varying restriction and the full range of classes of service. The company publicized its first Dublin-London service fare of I £98 dollars, whereas Aer Lingus’ and BA’s least expensive, unrestricted round-trip fares on the route were priced at I £208. At the same time, Ryanair would offer meals and amenities comparable to what Aer Lingus and British Airways provided. Thus, the newborn company benefited from the beginning from a distinctive business model focused on low operational costs and low fares, but which was not undermining the quality of its services. These low operational costs are partly linked to the company’s choice to operate on secondary airports, located outside London. Indeed, Gatwick and Luton airports were charging low landing and take-off charges compared to Heathrow main airport, which allowed Ryanair to keep its overhead costs at a lower level than British Airways, and thus gave it a competitive advantage toward other airline companies. However, this choice of secondary airports could also arise as a weakness of the company, since it prevents it from reaching a broader target of customers who predominately go through main airports such as Heathrow. Finally, British airways’ and Aer Lingus’ tickets for the Dublin-London round-trip were priced at I £153 higher than the cheapest rail-ferry ticket (costing I £55), which may have deterred most travelers of flying the route. When launched, Ryanair charged fares which were only I £43 higher than the rail-and-ferry ones’ for this journey. Knowing that the journey took nine hours by rail and ferry and only one hour by air, the newborn company could therefore tap into a segment of customers who might be ready to pay an additional I £43 for gaining 8 hours while travelling comfortably, which might be a valuable offer. Thus, this pricing strategy could enable the company to gain large shares in the market of these potential customers. (2) How do you expect (a) Aer Lingus and (b) British Airways to respond? And why do you expect each of them to respond that way? Ryanair’s launch is 1986 put a pressure on its two major competitors who are operating on the same challenging Dublin-London route. Indeed, the newborn company, benefiting from low costs, setting low fares, but offering a similar level of quality, would rapidly gain market shares over its competitors. British Airways and Aer Lingus had therefore to respond on an efficient way to retaliate to Ryanair’s entry in the airline industry. a) When Ryanair was launched, Aer Lingus domestic and European routes earned a modest operating profit while its trans-Atlantic flights sustained operating losses for the sixth time in seven year. Despite these difficulties, Aer Lingus, whose main profits where coming from its diversification in the hotel business (among others), was still backed by the Irish government, and aiming at its objectives of providing an air transport service that was â€Å"safe, efficient, reliable, and profitable†. Moreover, for being the only Irish airline before Ryanair, the company, which was touting the many benefits it brought to the Irish community, might have been benefiting from a good reputation and reliability in its local market. Thus, thanks to the state support but also to its reputation, Aer Lingus operations’ were well established in Europe, but also in the United States, where the airline has been operating for years. These resources and capabilities, reinforced by the recent successful introduction of a computer reservation system, therefore gave to the company a – temporary – advantage toward the newborn Ryanair. To retaliate to this latter’s entry, we expect that Aer Lingus reduces its European routes’ fares to match Ryanair’s ones. Thus, relying on its value of â€Å"safety† and â€Å"efficiency†, and implementing a low cost / low fares business model on its European and domestic flights, the company could protect its market shares from Ryanair’s prospective growing success. Besides, it may be all the more attractive to customers since it was spending tens of millions of pounds in renewing its fleet of jets, while Ryanair was just starting to operate with turboprops, and still did not have permission to fly larger jet aircraft on the route. b) As Ryanair started operating in 1986, British airways (BA) had been earning record profits for the last years, and its forthcoming privatization in 1987 was planned to improve these performances. The company’s strategy was mainly focusing on international routes and intercontinental flights. Indeed, BA was operating one of the world’s most extensive airline route networks, serving 145 destinations in 68 countries. This focus is highlighted by the fact that international journeys accounted for roughly two thirds of the seats that the company sold, and nine tenth of its revenues. One of British Airways’ advantages is its establishment in Heathrow airport, a major international transportation hub, through which 80% of the company’s passengers were passing. This focus on London’s main airport therefore arises as a competitive advantage toward Ryanair, whose flights, which are taking off and landing in secondary airports, hamper it from reaching a broader target of customers. Besides, British Airways’ large range of offers, implying from first class to economy tickets, distinguishes it from a low cost company as Ryanair, and may also arise as an advantage to some customers, looking for a better quality of service. As a result of this importance differentiation in service, and from our analysis, British Airways’ reaction to Ryanair entry should not be as thundering as Aer Lingus’ one. Indeed, BA already operates on a different segment than Ryanair, targeting business class and international customers. Since BA is mainly operating on international flights from and to main airports, Ryanair’s new focus on point-to-point flights and minimizing overhead costs should not arise as a threat to the British company. Moreover, with the prospective deregulation of the European airline industry whose foundations were laid by the 1986 Single European Act, British Airways should benefit from a major opportunity to expand to new European routes, relying on its valuable international experience. These forthcoming benefits and growth therefore make British Airways a company which does not â€Å"share the same playground† with Ryanair.