The Five Principles Of Finance As Applied By E A Credit...

Introduction Credit unions are unique as unlike most financial institutions, credit unions do not issue stock and do not pay dividends to outside stockholders. Credit Unions are not-for-profit institutions. Earnings are returned to members in the form of lower loan rates and higher returns on members’ deposits (Goddard, McKillop, Wilson, 2008). Many times credit unions performance is measured in terms of asset growth and membership growth. Many other key ratios are reviewed to paint the picture of how the organization is performing. E A Credit Union’s financial statements and key ratios will be analyzed and we will determine if sound financial practices applying the five principles of finance have been used efficiently. Literature Review The purpose of this research is to review the application of the five principles of finance as applied by E A Credit Union. The five principles of finance are outlined as: Principle 1- Money Has a Time Value Principle 2 – There is a Risk-Return Tradeoff Principle 3 – Cash Flows Are the Source of Value Principle 4 – Market Prices Reflect Information Principle 5 – Individuals Respond to Incentives (Titman, Keown, Martin, 2014, p. 11-13). Credit unions make decisions regularly based on all five principles. Credit unions primary business is making loans to their members. The key components of a credit union’s income statement in terms of income are loan income, investment income and other income. Other incomeShow MoreRelatedInternational Business Competing in the Global Marketplace 8th Edition Charles W. L. 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F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and the American Dream

The Great Gatsby and the American Dream Websters dictionary describes the American dream as the widespread aspiration of Americans to live better than their parents did. F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby is a literary masterpiece that takes a fascinating look at the nature of the American dream that made its fiery inception during the American War of Independence 1776-83 when it became the central theme of the American Declaration of Independence. In short, it stated, we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by God, Creator, with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness (Dream 1). Through the voice of the†¦show more content†¦The American society was largely composed of white, Anglo Saxons who wished to uphold their dominant race (17), and thus they sought to subdue others who were ethnically different. Toms statement Its up to us who are the dominant race to watch out or these other races will have control (17) contrasted sharply with the vision of the American dream that the founding fathers of America foresaw. The founding principles of the America dream guaranteed all people freedom from oppression and all were seen as equal before God. The Declaration of Independence does not declare some men, it says all men (Dream 1) have the right to wealth and happiness. In contrast, the poor, like Gatsby, who seek wealth and happiness, are beaten down (18) by the dominant white society. Fitzgerald refers to the wealthy as a careless people (188) who smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money...and let other people clean up the mess they had made (188). As a result, the unfortunate were despised and trodden under the gilded feet of the rich. Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby becomes a strong critic of the abuse of wealth in American society. 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Concepts Of Appropriation Under The Theft Act - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2036 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Cause and effect essay Topics: Act Essay Did you like this example? The Theft Act 1968  [1]  was legislated as a result of complicated, confusing and highly technical prior statutes and case law. Antiquated terminology like larceny, embezzlement and false pretences were to be replaced by a simple and short Act that was aiming towards codification of the criminal law. The Criminal Law Revision Committee advised on the recommendation, which as a result fully transpired. The report affirmed larceny, embezzlement and fraudulent conversion should be replaced by a single new offence of theft. The important element of them all is undoubtedly the dishonest appropriation of anotherers property.  [2]  Unfortunately the courts interpretation of the Theft Act has not went as smooth as anticipated; it became highly disputed as the House of Lords reached contrasting outcomes on several cases. Parliament was possibly at fault to some extent due to the Act being formulated very simplistic, the consequence was that judges had to work out e xactly what the law was. My purpose will be to chronologically evaluate the crucial case law, academic opinion, as well as objectively conclude from a theoretical and practical perspective. The definition of The Theft Act 1968 is A person is guilty of theft if he dishonestly appropriates property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it; and thief and steal shall be construed accordingly.  [3]  This section is pivotal and fundamental as the whole Act is structured around this definition. Dispute surrounds the element of appropriation. Academics and lawyers have and still are extensively contesting on whether consent should be relevant or irrelevant for an individual to appropriate property. The Criminal Law Revision Committee which prompted the Act stated We hope and believe that the concept of dishonest appropriation will be easily understood even without the aid of further definition.  [4]  This lack of further definition in hind sight, demonstrated poor judgment from the Committee as cases will illustrate that interpretation of appropriation has led to difficulties even in straightforward circumstances. In Lawrence  [5]  an Italian student who was unfamiliar with the currency opened his wallet to a taxi driver to allow him to acquire the fare. The driver took money which was well over the excess of the fare. The driver disputed that his conduct could be appropriation because the student consented. The House of Lords held that it was irrelevant the student consented and dismissed the defendants appeal; the drivers conviction was upheld. This case concluded that appropriation can occur even when the victim has consented in handing over their property. Under the old Larceny Act 1916 a requirement for appropriation was without the consent of the owner  [6]  . Viscount Dilhorne highlighted this contrast in his judgment as he quoted Parliament by the omission of these words has relieved the prosecutio n of the burdon of establishing that the taking was without the owners consent  [7]  . Furthermore, Lawrenece means that certain crimes of deception may also be identical to crimes of theft, due to consent being irrelevant. Surely Parliaments intentions were not to have it amalgamated with s15 Obtaining Property by Deception. P. R. Glazebrook brought up this illogical consequence as he wrote Should it matter tuppence whether a crook snitched his victims property or tricked him out of it? Parliament thought not.  [8]  I myself find it hard to comprehend that Parliament enacted a meaningless provision but this is a practical and theoretical effect of the courts verdict. Shute and Horder also disagreed with the crimes being amalgamated by writing in a journal The label thief does not carry the same moral import as the label conman;  [9]  they also went on to say The nature of the wrongdoing in theft has a separate moral foundation from that of obtaining by deception. There is no doubt that these crimes are entirely different in reality and should be treated entirely different by the law; the outcome of Lawrenece does seem to question the merit and practicality of the Theft Act. The House of Lords in the case of Morris  [10]  casted uncertainty on this proposition as they held that the defendant must have done something objectively criminal for appropriation to occur. The facts involved the defendant exchanging labels on goods in a supermarket in order to pay less for the item; he was seized before paying and charged with theft. His council submitted that he could not have appropriated the item as he had handled the item in the supermarket with implied consent of the owner. Judging on Lawrence the defendant should have been convicted but the court completely opposed. Lord Roskil quoted appropriation in my view involves not an act expressly or impliedly authorised by the owner but an act by way of adverse interference with or unsurpation of those rights.  [11]  So on this judgment, a consensual acquirement of property would not be theft since the element of appropriation is absent. For the next eight years until R v Gomez  [12]  , this case was used in preference to Lawrence. The facts of Gomez involved the defendant who was an employee of a store in. He convinced the manager to sell goods to an accomplice and accept payment by cheques. He told the manager that the cheque was as good as cash but was aware that they were stolen. Gomez was convicted of theft at the trial court. The defendant appealed to the Court of Appeal, Lord Lane CJ was very clear on his position and stated anyone who obtains goods in return for a cheque which he knows will be dishonored on presentation, or indeed by way of any other similar pretence, would be guilty of theft  [13]  . He then went on to say that appropriation never occurred as There is no appropriation at the moment when he takes possession of the goods because he was entit led to do so under the terms of the contract of sale.  [14]  Lord Lane expressed that this conduct should not fall within the Theft Act as in practice it expands it enormously. Professor Shute obviously agreed with Lord Lanes reasoning as he wrote To create a new offence of theft to include conduct which ordinary people would find difficult to regard as theft would be a mistake.  [15]  Lord Lane also stressed that by making consent irrelevant created a clear conflict between civil and criminal law. Gomez was appealed to the House of Lords. The house had to clarify if consent was relevant and if appropriation involvedadverse interference with, or usurpation of, some right of the owner  [16]  The lords concluded 3:2 in favor for Lawrence against Morris and decided that consent is irrelevant to appropriation. Lord Keith quoted in the leading judgment Belief or the absence of belief that the owner had such knowledge is relevant to the issue of dishonesty, not to question whether or not there has been an appropriation.  [17]  This decision was of vast importance and had extensive implications to the offence of theft. In practical situations it could determine the point of arrest, for example, an individual can in theory be arrested in a shop for simply touching an item, perhaps just looking at the ingredients, if the law enforcement suspect the individual is planning to steal this item then in theory then they can be arrested. In practice this seems completely absurd; in addition it means the law authorities have enormous arbitrary powers resulting from this legislation. Although in practice I doubt this example would occur often but arbitrary powers this broad should be taken very seriously as it may contravene human rights, the rule of law and the manifest criminality rule  [18]  that George Fletcher discusses. This rule maintains the notion that a reasonable person should identify the theft that has occurred. To some degree criminal activi ty like theft should be obvious to the objective observer. Alarmingly, by omitting the consent element for appropriation means that it practically vanishes the necessity to have an actus reus for a conviction. Also, there is no doubt that in certain cases consent will distinguish if the defendants conduct was dishonest or not. By dismissing consent the law is virtually relying on the entire mens rea element. Lord Lowry dissented in Gomez cited a dictionary definition of appropriate, he quoted take possession of, take to oneself, especially without authority.  [19]  He concluded that consent was relevant and there had to be some sort of adverse interference, which I do believe should be an element of appropriation. Later on in the 1990s, appropriation was at the centre of a further legal concern. The question the courts had to address was; could a recipient of a valid gift in civil law have appropriated property and be charged with theft if there was no deception? Again, co nsent was questioned. There were several cases with similar facts but it was R v Hinks  [20]  which resolved the issue. The defendant befriended a man of limited intelligence and naivety although he was mentally able of understanding the concept of ownership and a gift. The defendant encouraged the man to withdraw sixty thousand pounds and deposit it in her account. The Court of Appeal held that it was irrelevant the gift was valid in civil law and the question was certified to the House of Lords. Hinks defence submitted sound reasoning on why it would be wrong to hold a valid civil gift as appropriated, they referred to numerous examples of when contractual problems under such a expansive definition of appropriation which could now become theft. The defence also highlighted that it would create disharmony and a blatant conflict with civil law. Lord Steyn countered this issue as he quoted The tension between the civil law and the criminal law is therefore not in my view a factor which justifies a departure from the law as stated in Lawrence and Gomez.  [21]  In addition, on the matter of consent and authority he said this was immaterial.  [22]  The court appeal was dismissed as the gift was appropriated, only with Lord Hobhouse dissenting. Therefore in practice if there is an acquisition of property through dishonestly then the gift will have been appropriated and stolen. There are several consequences of the final decision in Hinks. First of all it means that there is no longer any distinction between fraud and theft, which does not seem to be logical as they are entirely different crimes. Lord Steyn discarded appropriation as being narrow due the number of unjustified acquittals that may be the consequence. Although this is a convincing justification and I can see the logic due to the defendants unconscionable conduct, but I believe this should not be the criminal law. The contrast with civil law could been evaded by perhaps declaring the gift voidable due to undue influence. The court asserting the legitimacy of the gift as irrelevant was perhaps unconvincing. J.C Smith strongly disapproved as he wroteWho ever heard of ordinary literate people describing the receipt of a gift as an appropriation?  [23]  Numerous academics have agreed with Smith and understandably criticized the courts decision. Clarkson and Keating have described Hinks decision in particular as lamentable  [24]  as the House of Lords do not identify what actually constitutes appropriation. J.C Smith emphasized how expansive appropriation is currently, the commentary stated Millions of employees are appropriating their employers property, millions of customers are appropriating the property of shopkeepers, husbands are appropriating the property of their wifes and vice versa every hour of the day  [25]  , therefore if mens rea is perceptible then these examples can all be theft. Reflecting on the judgments, journals and commentary, I belie ve adverse interference should be present in the definition of appropriation. Perhaps the negative aspect is there may be an undeserved acquittal but better this than innocent individuals convicted due to the law being so expansive. It is simply more practical and just for adverse interference to be an element in of the Theft Act. Adverse iterference establishes the progress from actual guilty contemplation or consideration to which should be the full mens rea of theft. Individuals with criminal thoughts and ideas should not be liable for theft if the criminal act has not been executed. Unfortunetly due to adverse interference being ommitted from the requirement of the Theft Act, thoughts and ideas can be criminal in the present law which in my opinon is completely unsound and dangerously premature for a justifiable conviction. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Concepts Of Appropriation Under The Theft Act" essay for you Create order

Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour Critical Analysis Essay

Brandon Dabon Professor Mario Garcia English M01A 11 October 2012 Self-Identity, Freedom, and Death in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† The story of an hour by Kate Chopin introduces us to Mrs. Mallard as she reacts to her husband’s death. In this short story, Chopin portrays the complexity of Mrs. Mallard’s emotions as she is saddened yet joyful of her loss. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† argues that an individual discover their self-identity only after being freed from confinement. The story also argues that freedom is a very powerful force that affects mental or emotional state of a person. The story finally argues that only through death can one be finally freed. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† argues†¦show more content†¦Based on the insights on Mrs. Mallard’s discovery of her self-identity, we can conclude that people who have been confined for too long are robbed of their self-hood. The restraining of one’s self-hood can be defined by whomever or whatever is binding their will. It is also evident that one can only achieve their true self when they are released from confinement. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† also argues that freedom is a very powerful force that affects the mental or emotional state of a person. The mental and emotional state Mrs. Mallard had experienced had been a peculiar one. The sense of freedom came to her as an unfamiliar feeling that perhaps she had long forgotten as she was deprived of it for a long time. The strangeness of what she was feeling made her think that there was â€Å"something coming to her [†¦] creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her† (Chopin 281) implying a confused mental state. This unfamiliar feeling of joy she is experiencing could be only one thing, the ecstasy of being free. It had been playing with her mind. The overpowering thoughts of freedom are so peculiar to her that she doesn’t recognize it and she doesn’ t know how to emotionally react to it. Through this unfamiliarity her mental state went rampant with fear thinking that it is a force of horror that was out to harm her. After a moment of resenting this feeling, Mrs. Mallard finally abandons her fight to â€Å"beat it back† (ChopinShow MoreRelatedAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words   |  6 PagesENGL 1102 – Comp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R – 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopin’s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, whichRead MoreA Comparison of Feminist Writings614 Words   |  2 PagesNora Helmer in Henrik Ibsens â€Å"A Dolls House† And Mrs. Mallard in Kate Chopins â€Å"The Story of an Hour† find themselves facing very different dilemmas, yet both women faced their respective challenge in a way that went against the social norm for women in their time period, this was done by these pioneering writers to show the oppression faced by women who were trapped in their marriages during their respective time periods. Nora and Louise are both faced with problems in their lives and both womenRead MoreFemale Empowerment in Kate Chopins The Awakening7915 Words   |  32 PagesHeinrich-Heine-Università ¤t Wintersemester 2010/11 Vertiefungsmodul Kurs: American Realism and Naturalism - Short Stories Seminarleiter: Georg Schiller Datum der Abgabe: 16.04.2011 Female Empowerment in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening† Anjana Dhir BA Englisch KF, Geschichte NF 3. Semester Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. The French

Belonging Free Essays

Belonging can be a possible path to an individual’s self-actualisation. A sense of identity can be identified by belonging or not belonging to a particular group or place. A person can portray different values of belonging through different situations and settings, like in Shakespeare’s period and the period in ‘Fight Club’. We will write a custom essay sample on Belonging or any similar topic only for you Order Now Maslow’s Hierarchy of belonging suggests that belonging is one of the basic needs of human existence. All humans aspire to belong but only a few are able to transcend this basic human need and become self-actualised individuals who rise beyond their social expectations and go against the conventions that define them. This is portrayed through the characters in ‘As You like It’ that flee to the Forest of Arden but eventually return because that is where they truly belong. As well as ‘Tyler’ in Fight Club. Belonging is a possible path to one’s individual self-actualisation, which can be identified via various mediums as witnessed through David Fincher’s Fight Club and Shakespeare’s As You Like It. Maslow’s hierarchy extrapolates the basic fundamentals of belonging suggesting that belonging is ones fundamental need of human existence. This notion is illustrated through Tyler Durden in Fight Club as well as characters in â€Å"As You Like It† where individuals strive to transcend the basic human necessity of belonging and become self-actualised individuals who rise beyond their social expectations and defy conventions defining them. Fight club demonstrates the aspects of belonging through the relationship between the narrator and his alter ego, Tyler Durden. It is a commentary on our ‘lost’ generation. The relationship shows the changes the narrator undergoes throughout the film. The Fight Club has an appeal to the lost generation. The narrator with the help of Tyler Durden founded Fight Club as a way of venting aggression physically through fighting other men. It begins with him fighting Tyler (although he is actually fighting himself) but soon other men want to join and have fights of their own. The men of our generation have been raised to avoid fighting, but suddenly they realize along with the main character, â€Å"I just don’t want to die without a few scars. Fight Club is an expression of modern dysfunctionality of modern context that have so alienated the individuals into ‘nameless’ and ‘androgynous’ emasculated male figures. General society has adopted this aspect just the same as society has adopted the consumer identity. Tyler Durden says â€Å"We are byproducts of the lifestyle obsession. Murder, crime, poverty, these things don’t concern me. What concerns me is celebrity magazines, television with 500 cha nnels, some guy’s name on my underwear, Rogain, Viagra, Olestra, Martha Stewart. Tyler describes a life style that is defined by things you don’t need. From here we run into the consumer identity. The consumer identity is the understanding that you are what you buy; you exist to express yourself in material possessions. The goal is to simply look impressive not be impressive, so you can appear to have more money than you really do. In a society that claims the consumer identity, the ultimate sacrifice would be to put your projected reputation on the line. In modern society, this is too risky for many people and that is the main reason why fights are avoided. However, by embracing the idea that you aren’t what you own, you are only what your hands are capable of, you can free yourself of everything you have tried to appear as with every punch you give or take. The fighting is a metaphor for feeling, not promoting physical combat. The narrator states â€Å"fight club isn’t about winning or losing. It was about words, when the fight was over, nothing was solved, but nothing mattered. Afterwards we all felt saved†. The concept of belonging not only deals with acceptance, but also rejection and alienation. This concept can influence our belonging to a place or group. This is explored through Shakespeare’s play â€Å"as you like it†. Throughout the novel, ‘as you like it’ explores the idea of belonging to place. The title itself gives the play to the audience, implying belongs to those viewing it. Throughout the novel, we can clearly detect the characters desires to belong as dictated by the social religious hierarchy of the renaissance drawn out by the church and king in the form of the chain of being. According to Shakespeare text and his context, everyone has their rightful place. If one place is altered or disturbed, there is chaos and anarchy. Hence, ‘As You like It’ is a reaffirmation of the chain of being where Duke seniors dukedom has been altered by his younger brother Frederick, and this causes the chaos that leads to many of the characters fleeing to the place they belong to into the forest. In As You like It, the traditions of society push characters to play certain roles. Rosalind, the protagonist, has no control over society and gender expectations presented to her. Even though she is the most interesting, intelligent and active character in the novel, she is confined into the expected female role. This suppresses her personality to be expected to fit into and belong at the court. Her attempts at conformity lead her to initially feel fear at seeking out the Forest of Arden because such a place would be dangerous for a woman. She overcomes this by transcending gender boundaries choosing to disguise herself as a man. While she is a man, she is able to explore her true personality and identity. Is she had not used the role of Ganymede in the forest; she may have been left in a similar role to Celia who is unable to shake her constraints of femininity. Ultimately, the different values of belonging in different situatuations is seen in both texts through Tyler in Fight Club where he creates a place for people who have the same daily routine to break free from this and to vent their anger by fighting. This fighting is a metaphor for freedom, Freedom from their daily lives and the idea of the consumer identity. This form of freedom and belonging is also seen in ‘As You Like it’ where Rosalind breaks the female stereotype of not being strong enough to protect herself in the forest of Arden, where she runs away to. How to cite Belonging, Essay examples Belonging Free Essays Belonging Essay The human quest to belong is characterized by both triumph and failure. Belonging is a human conception; considered a fundamental need to be accepted, to have a sense of security and fulfillment. A negative sense of belonging may be found among the displaced, marginalized and may lead towards personal issues that may be indomitable for the individual. We will write a custom essay sample on Belonging or any similar topic only for you Order Now The short clip ‘Be My Brother’ directed by Genevieve Clay is a short presentation on the qualities of belonging and the quality of judgment where a young man’s charm and charisma challenges the prejudices of a stranger at a bus stop. People with physical disabilities are still discriminated against and find it uneasy to blend in with society, this is highlighted in the clip ‘Be My Brother’ where Richard (partially disabled) is isolated and some-what an outcast in society. As he approaches a random bystander he is segregated and instantly looked down upon as inferior; this is apparent when Richard goes to Shake Amanda’s hand (bystander); where she taps and retreats instantly. As he begins to exchange conversation with Amanda he is still depicted as an outsider with Amanda’s reluctance in continuing the exchange and constant deride over Richards desires. â€Å"I would like to go to work †¦Ã¢â‚¬  with Amanda bleak reply; â€Å"You’ll have to get one then won’t you â€Å". This with corroboration of the wide camera angle interpret her body language where she condensates and segregates herself from Richard by sitting at the end of the bus stand without making any eye contact, making evident her asperity and Richards non-belonging. Belonging is an element of combination, presented in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; Self- actualization, Amanda soon becomes comfortable with Richards presence identifying the decrease in prejudice, she finally embraces Richard with acceptance by interacting with his voice recorder, enthusiastic gestures and eye contact. This is displayed through her body language and overturned sympathy after overhearing a previous recording, †I am what I am †¦ I cant change it my brother doesn’t seem to understand †¦ he seems to never want to be near me, I always embarrass him and I DON’T LIKE TO BEING IGNORED. † And connive of the hooded male on the other bench, Amanda sympathizes Richards’ heartache by comforting him and upon his departure comments, â€Å"Daemon you have a very entertaining brother †¦ It was very nice to meet you† displaying the sense of acceptance and belonging. Following his departure on the bus, Richard pays the fair for the hooded male (had no loose change for $20) where the viewer is able to interpret the loving and softhearted nature Richard possesses, relatively leading the male to take of his hood and receive a warm hearted hug from Richard who we interpret to be his brother (Daemon). These actions resemble acceptance and brotherhood deterring the prejudice and distance. Foremost the short clip â€Å"Be My Brother† about a man with Down syndrome displays his turn around with humour and charm, heartwarming unadulterated affection and acceptance by finally belonging. By: Michael Kourieh How to cite Belonging, Essay examples Belonging Free Essays Belonging Essay The concept of belonging is essential in our lives as it brings about acceptance and connection to a person, group or place. Migrants often experience alienation and exclusion before experiencing acceptance and belonging into the new society. Peter skrzynecki portrays migration as a painful, soul searching experience, re forging a sense of personal and cultural identity which is evident in Migrant hostel. We will write a custom essay sample on Belonging or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the contrary Peter displays a perspective were the family feels stability and security at their address 10 Mary Street. The journey to belong often proves to be a great burden; the lack of social stability generates a sense of loss and insecurity leaving migrants struggling to adjust to their new cultural environment. This is established in the first stanza of Migrant hostel through the choice of words such as â€Å"sudden/wondering†, which illustrates uncertainty and doubtfulness of what is occurring around them, therefore living erratic and uncertain lives. The idea of not being in control of their lives is further emphasized in the first stanza with the use of the simile â€Å"we lived like birds of passage†, this creates a image of migratory birds and represents how the migrants are at a point of transaction in reality. Peter creates a picture of confinement and imprisonment via the symbol of a barrier â€Å"A barrier at the main gate†, represents obstacles to their dream of belonging and exclusion from mainstream Australia. The Migrants are shown as being powerless and their lives have been marked by disorientation, â€Å"unaware of the season/whose track we would follow†, highlights the whole migrant communities uncertainty as â€Å"we† is inclusive of all migrants and shows that all migrants experience similar hardship. The irony of the concluding lines â€Å"that had only begun or were dying†, accentuates the burden of uncertainty in their lives instead of surviving in their new homeland and experience a new sense of belonging their lives remain in limbo. However, people eventually experience belonging which is evident in 10 Mary Street as it is a stark contrast to Migrant hostel as there is insecurity while there is a feeling of security in 10 Mary Street due to the family’s long term connection to their home and Australia itself. The repetition of â€Å"nineteen years† reinforces how long term residency establishes a place of belonging. Peter also repeats ‘eight years† in St Patrick’s as Peter is pointing out how peoples sense of belonging is strengthened over a long period of time. Furthermore, the simile â€Å"like a well-oiled lock†, symbolizes security and highlights how the family is experiencing security at their family home. The poem also highlights how the family’s strong affinity with the garden represents settlement and permanency in Australia. The simile like â€Å"adopted children† emphasizes the parent’s great care and love for their garden and symbolizes their belonging to their new homeland. The act of Peter ravaging the garden represents how the garden provides the family with food and sustenance. The garden is a representation of their new homeland as Australia also provides them with work, opportunity and a good life. The house is described as part of the family through the personification â€Å"the house stands† this portrays the house as another member of the family as it shows belonging and relation to the house. The metaphor â€Å"Inheritors of a key that’ll open no house†, highlights the poets appreciation of his family and their home, the experience is cherished however when the house is pulled down, he believes he will never be able to experience such warmth when he moves on in life. In conclusion, it is evident that a person will establish a connection with a place or person with time, however will go through hardships and feelings of unfamiliarity before finding security and belonging to their new homeland. Migrant hostel emphasizes how life’s adversities can hamper peoples sense of belonging, while 10 Mary Street portrays how people adapt to their new homeland to become â€Å"citizens of the soil† and experience stability and security. How to cite Belonging, Papers

Poet Geoffrey Chaucer Essay Example For Students

Poet Geoffrey Chaucer Essay English Poet and wrote the unfinished work. The Canterbury Tales. It is considered one of the greatest poetic works in English. Geoffrey Chaucer was born circa 1340 in London, England. In 1357 he became a public servant to Countess Elizabeth of Ulster. He continued to work as a public servant to the British court throughout his lifetime. The Canterbury Tales became his best known and most acclaimed work. He died October 25, 1400 of In London, England and was the first to be burled In Westminster Abbeys Poets Corner. Poet Geoffrey Chaucer was born Rica 1340, most likely at his parents house on Thames Street In London, England. Saucers family was of the bourgeois class. They descended from an affluent family who made their money In the London wine trade. According to some sources, Saucers father, John, carried on the family wine business. Geoffrey Chaucer Is believed to have attended the SST. Palls Cathedral School, where he probably first became acquainted with the influential writing of Virgil and Ovid. In 1357, Chaucer became a public servant to Countess Elizabeth of Ulster, the Duke of Clearances wife. Chaucer was paid a small stipend-?enough to pay for his food and clothing. In 1 359, the teenage Chaucer went off to fight in The Hundred Years War in France. At Rather he was captured for ransom. Thanks to Saucers royal connections, King Edward Ill helped pay his ransom. After Saucers release, he Joined the Royal Service, traveling throughout France, Spain and Italy on diplomatic missions throughout the early to mid-sass. For his services, King Edward granted Chaucer a pension of 20 marks. In 1366 Chaucer married Philippe Rote. Philippe was Sir Payne Roots daughter, and the marriage conveniently helped further Saucers career in the English court.

Strategic Marketing Creating Competitive †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Marketing for Creating Competitive Advantage. Answer: Introduction Pepsi is one of the most reputed carbonated soft drink organization, which is manufactured by PepsiCo and is headquartered in United States (Pepsico.com, 2017). It was launched in the year of 1893 (which is around 124 years ago,). There are various variants of Pepsi such as Crystal Pepsi, Diet Pepsi, Pepsi Next, Pepsi Vanilla and others. This brand has global presence and the basic ingredients of the drinks comprises of the carbonated water, high fructose, carbonated water, corn syrup, sugar, colorings, citric acid, natural flavors, and others (Pepsico.com, 2017). The brand has its presence in more than 170 countries of the world. The company has a subsidiary known as Frito, which sells, manufactures as well as markets snack items such as corn chips, potato chips (Pepsico.com, 2017). The company is not only listed in the New York Stock Exchange, but is also listed in the Chicago, Switzerland, Amsterdam and Tokyo stock exchanges (Pepsico.com, 2017). The organization not only have profit motive but also tries to be a responsible corporate citizen. The company is always eager to look out for expanding in new business areas. This report would analyze the strategic analysis of Pepsi with the help of external as well as internal environment analysis. The key issues of the strategic analysis would be identified and a set of recommendations would be provided. It is important to analyze the external environment of the organization with the help of PESTEL analysis and Porters five forces. The PESTEL analysis for Pepsi is helpful in understanding the influence of the external environment on the functioning of the company (Pommer, 2014). The PESTEL analysis is important for understanding the external environment factors specially for companies that are operating in the international market. The analysis is done as follows- The government stability in USA and in other countries is one of the important political factors that affect the functioning of the company. The functioning of the company is affected by the trade unions, bureaucracy, home market lobbying, corruption and the freedom of press. Pepsi has tried to manage these factors through the use of lobbying initiatives (Lake Drake, 2014). It uses various lobbying firms to carry out these initiatives such as FTI Government Affairs, Covington, Burling and Duberstein Group (Lake Drake, 2014). The political stability in the developed economies is considered as an opportunity for the company along with the improved inter-governmental cooperation in these countries (Lake Drake, 2014). The various threats include the government initiatives against the carbonated drinks industry. There are a host of economic factors that are impacting PepsiCo such as unemployment and the rise of inflation in USA. The rising price of the raw materials poses a threat to the company along with the changes in the income levels of the consumers (Dabla-Norris et al., 2015). There has been rise in the income levels of people especially in the developing countries, which is an opportunity for the country (Dabla-Norris et al., 2015). One of the threats affecting the organization is the sudden rise in the value of dollar against the other global currencies. An increasing number of customers are becoming health conscious and they are approaching healthy diet options (Ward, 2016). This can be viewed as both opportunity and threat. There is an increasing trend busy lifestyle of the people, which implies that they would highly depend on the carbonated soft drinks (Ward, 2016). Pepsi has the opportunity to constantly improve the product quality by satisfying the different customer preferences. There have been technological improvements in the global market, which acts as an opportunity for Pepsi (Sin-Echaluce et al., 2015). There has been widespread improvement of the knowledge management systems, which is an opportunity for the company (Sin-Echaluce et al., 2015). This would benefit the company in different business processes such as strategic decision making and product innovation. There is increasing automation of the business, which have the ability to improve the business performance. There is high focus on the business sustainability, which is considered as one of the opportunities presented (Bansal DesJardine, 2014). There are stringent government regulations regarding the standards of waste disposal. There are possibilities of risk owing to the climate change. There are certain legal factors that needs to be considered by the company such as regulation on the different GMO ingredients, regulations regarding health as well as product safety regulations and the moderate rate of the different regulatory change (Francis, Craig George, 2016). The PESTEL analysis shows that there are considerable number of opportunities in the carbonated soft drinks industry, which should be tapped well by Pepsi, so that there is growth and development of the company. Porters Five Forces The Porters five forces model was developed for determining the most significant external factors that usually influences the functioning of the firm (Mowday, Porter Steers, 2013). The purpose of this analysis is to find out the biggest challenges faced by the global organizations and devise appropriate strategies against them. It also aims to determine the competitive position of the firm in the global marketplace. The analysis is done as below- The bargaining power of the consumers is relatively high for Pepsi since they can easily shift from Pepsi to some other companies. There is the involvement of low switching cost so the buyers are able to change brands in relatively short time frame (Villas-Boas, 2015). There is strong force concerning the high access to the different product information. There is high number of substitute products for Pepsi, which give the customers liberty to change the soft drink manufacturer easily (Mowday, Porter Steers, 2013). Pepsi procures their raw materials such as corn, sweeteners, sugar, juice concentrates from a large supplier, who use to offer unique products to their clients (R Sotgiu Gielens, 2015). There is high level of importance for each suppliers and Pepsi have the ability to switch over suppliers, which reduces their ability to bargain (R Sotgiu Gielens, 2015). There is low forward integration of the suppliers and there is moderate size of the individual suppliers, which give Pepsi to choose its suppliers as per their business requirements. Threat of new entrants- Moderate There are average moderations to enter the carbonated soft drink industry and this is the reason why there is high bargaining power of the customers (Baker Friel, 2015). There can be a large number of new companies in the market that provide the same product as offered by Pepsi. There are low switching costs which causes low customer loyalty. This implies that the customers have high bargaining power (Baker Friel, 2015). There is considerably moderate cost of the brand development, which would make the new entrants compete with Pepsi. The threat of substitute products is relatively strong for Pepsi and hence the products for this company can be easily substituted by other products (Baker Friel, 2015). There is strong force regarding the high performance of the substitutes and there are low switching costs. The consumers can get hold of real fruit juices instead of drinking Tropicana (Pepsi products) (Nestle, 2013). The consumers have the ability to switch to other brands at less time. The strong competitor of Pepsi is Coca Cola and the above factors has led to strong competitive rivalry (Raja, Kumar, 2014). There is high rate of aggressiveness of the firms and there are low switching costs of the companies. There is average number of firms that compete in the market in the carbonated soft drinks industry (Raja, Kumar, 2014). Pepsi connects with several firms which includes both the small ones and the big ones such as Coca Cola. The five forces analysis of Pepsi shows that the bargaining power of the buyers, competition and the different threats of the substitutes are some of the issues that affect the company to a large extent. Pepsi should improve their competitive spirit through the use of exhaustive marketing strategies along with bringing in product innovation. Internal environment analysis It is important to understand the internal environment analysis of the firm so that the company can gain sustainable competitive advantage. PepsiCo has considerable competitive advantage in the market as compared to other rivals such as Coca Cola (West, Ford Ibrahim, 2015). Pepsi has large number of innovative as well as differentiated products which make it popular in the market (West, Ford Ibrahim, 2015). It also has efficient distribution systems and different cost-saving initiatives. It has excellent value cycle which is sustained by the external as well as internal operations. A SWOT analysis has been performed which would provide extensive internal environment analysis- Pepsi has strong brand image and it is one of the most favorite brands all over the world. The company has broad product mix and it offers a large number of products according to the preferences of the target market (West, Ford Ibrahim, 2015). It has various products to cater to different markets such as Frito-Lay products and Quaker products, which appeal more to the young generation (Farazuddin, Ahmed Maddali, 2016). There was extensive global production network and the brand distributes its products throughout the world. Pepsi engages in deep research and development, which makes their product highly competitive (West, Ford Ibrahim, 2015). Pepsi engages in the utilizing the competitive advantages so that they can gain considerable amount of revenue from the growth as well as progress of the company (West, Ford Ibrahim, 2015). As compared to the external products, the company adheres to the Code of Business Conduct in guiding the top management and the employees of the firm. Th e Code is also the basis for the ethics as well as compliance program that promotes honesty as well as integrity in the workplace (West, Ford Ibrahim, 2015). The management of Pepsi gives high preference to the various parameters such as business integrity, workplace behavior and competitive intelligence. There are several weaknesses of the company such as low penetration rate outside USA. It is true that the company has worldwide presence, however, the intensity is less as compared to USA (Babin Zikmund, 2015). There are weak marketing campaigns for the increasingly health conscious customers, which often causes reduction in the sales of the company (Babin Zikmund, 2015). It primarily functions in the food and beverage industry and hence it is exposed to risks in this sector. The company has not undertaken total quality management initiatives, as adopted by its competitor Coca Cola (Babin Zikmund, 2015). These weaknesses inhibit the international growth prospects of the firm. The external strategic factors of the company comprise of the opportunities that the company has in the global market (Chittoor, Kale Puranam, 2015). There are more opportunities for business diversification in the emerging markets and there is immense scope of market penetration in the various developing countries (Chittoor, Kale Puranam, 2015). There are chances of global alliances with the different forms of complementary business so that the company would be able to increase its market presence. Pepsi has significantly high amount off threat from the aggressive competition in the market and the increasing adoption of healthy lifestyle among the people (Chittoor, Kale Puranam, 2015). The modern-day customers do not prefer aerated soft drinks since they have high concentration of salt, sugar and fat content (Buscemi, 2014). There are a growing number of stakeholders who respond negatively the lifecycle issues and the product wastes. The PESTEL analysis helped in the identification of various factors that are prevalent in the external environment of the firm such as trade unions, bureaucracy, rising price of the raw materials, increasing number of health-conscious customers, improvement of the knowledge management systems and stringent government laws for waste disposal. The Porters five forces revealed that the threats of the substitutes, bargaining power of the buyers and competition are relatively high for Pepsi. The internal strengths of the company reveal that the brand engages in intensive research and development. It is also a popular brand and they successfully adhered to the Code of Business Conduct. Identification of key issues The report identified some of the key issues such as exposure to risks, weak marketing campaigns, less diversification of the products, less focus to healthy drink alternatives and others (Hafiz, 2015). The company does not pay adequate attention to the recycling of the wastes and other efforts to reduce the impact on the environment (Hafiz, 2015). It has not adopted Total Quality Management (as compared to its competitors), which has left quality issues in the different organizational procedures and the process of benchmarking. Recommendations It is important to adhere to the following set of recommendations based on the above analysis- Adhere to the principles of total quality management by giving the best compensation to the employees as well as diverse range of benefit programs. Address the concerns of the managers and the employees so that they can give their best performance. Introduce more number of healthy food and beverage products Expand and enter the emerging economies of the world to gain more customers Focus on recycling efforts of the firm so that there are no complaints from the environmental boards Conclusion This business report focused on the different strategic analysis of the firm and underlined the key issues in them. The external and internal environment analysis was done with the help of PESTEL analysis, Porters five forces and SWOT analysis. There were some key issues identified such as lack of environmental concern, less focus on healthy beverages, lack of proper focus on quality management and the less diversification of the products. This report has explored some possible recommendations which would solve the existing issues in the organization. References Babin, B.J. Zikmund, W.G., (2015).Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Baker, P. Friel, S., (2015). Transnational Food and Beverage Corporations, Food Systems Transformations and the Nutrition Transition in Asia. Bansal, P., DesJardine, M. R. (2014). Business sustainability: It is about time.Strategic Organization,12(1), 70-78. Buscemi, S., (2014). Soft drink consumption and unhealthy diet.European journal of clinical nutrition,68(3), p.408. Chittoor, R., Kale, P., Puranam, P. (2015). Business groups in developing capital markets: Towards a complementarity perspective.Strategic Management Journal,36(9), 1277-1296. Dabla-Norris, M.E., Kochhar, M.K., Suphaphiphat, M.N., Ricka, M.F. Tsounta, E., (2015).Causes and consequences of income inequality: a global perspective. International Monetary Fund. Farazuddin, S., Ahmed, F. Maddali, A., (2016). Article on Pepsis Promotional Strategies.Journal of Management Research and Analysis,3(1), pp.56-58. Francis, L., Craig, R.K. George, E., (2016). FDA's Troubling Failures to Use its Authority to Regulate Genetically Modified Foods.Food Drug LJ,71, p.105. Hafiz, R., (2015). Rethinking Brand Identity to Become an Iconic Brand-A Study on Pepsi.Asian Business Review,5(3), pp.97-102. Lake, P. Drake, R., (2014). Strategy. InInformation Systems Management in the Big Data Era(pp. 19-52). Springer International Publishing. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. Steers, R.M., (2013).Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Nestle, M. (2013).Food politics: How the food industry influences nutrition and health(Vol. 3). Univ of California Press. Pepsico.com, 2017.The Search for Hidden Figures. [online] Available at: https://www.pepsico.com [Accessed 22 Apr. 2017]. Pommer, B., (2014). Market definition and analysis of Pepsi-Cola. Raja, R.V. Kumar, A., (2014). The impact of harmful ingredients over the consumers in reference with coke and pepsi.ZENITH International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research,4(6), pp.147-162. Sin-Echaluce, M.L., Blanco, .F., Garca-Pealvo, F.J. Conde, M.., (2015), August. A knowledge management system to classify social educational resources within a subject using teamwork techniques. InInternational Conference on Learning and Collaboration Technologies(pp. 510-519). Springer International Publishing. Sotgiu, F. Gielens, K., (2015). Suppliers Caught in Supermarket Price Wars: Victims or Victors? Insights from a Dutch Price War.Journal of Marketing Research,52(6), pp.784-800. Villas-Boas, J.M., (2015). A short survey on switching costs and dynamic competition.International Journal of Research in Marketing,32(2), pp.219-222. Ward, J., (2016).Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for continuing growth, profitability, and family leadership. Springer. West, D., Ford, J. Ibrahim, E., (2015).Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.